Social Psychology - Cognitive Dissonance

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1. According to Aronson and Carlsmith's (1963) study, how did the children threatened with severe punishment rate the desirability of the forbidden toy?

  • They rated it as more attractive
  • They rated it as less attractive
  • They rated it the same as before
  • They refused to rate it
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2. What is justification of effort?

  • The tendency to decrease liking for something attained with hard work
  • The tendency to increase liking for something attained with hard work
  • The tendency to increase liking for something attained with little effort
  • The tendency to decrease liking for something attained with little effort

3. What is post-decision dissonance?

  • Dissonance experienced after making a decision
  • Dissonance experienced during decision-making
  • Dissonance experienced before making a decision
  • Dissonance unrelated to decision-making

4. What is Festinger's (1957) definition of cognitive dissonance?

  • The discomfort caused when two attitudes conflict
  • The discomfort caused when two cognitions conflict or when behavior conflicts with attitudes
  • The discomfort caused by external factors
  • The discomfort caused by self-esteem challenges

5. How does lowballing work?

  • It offers low costs, then claims an error to increase commitment
  • It offers high costs to increase excitement
  • It claims an error in costs to increase decision-making
  • It claims high costs to create anticipation
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