Psychology of Pain Key Terms 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyVisual SystemUniversityNone Created by: Psych951Created on: 28-12-18 13:44 Pain Unpleasant subjective experience described in actual or potential tissue damage; Social, emotional, cognitive and sensory; Acute or chronic; Adaptive 1 of 28 Biomedical framework Pain is a sensation; Automatic response to external stimulus 2 of 28 Gate control theory Stimulus response pathway mediated by psychological factors; Pain as a perception 3 of 28 Physiological measures Objective measures of bodily responses such as inflammation and sweating 4 of 28 Observational measures Partly objective measures of behaviours characteristic of pain such as grimacing and use of pain relief 5 of 28 Self-report measures Subjective measures of attitudes, emotions and behaviours relating to pain experience such as severity and impaired function 6 of 28 Catastrophising Lack of confidence and perceived control with an expectation for negative outcomes 7 of 28 Parental communication The approach (protect, minimise, monitor) of parents reactions to pain influences child's perception 8 of 28 Coping Passive or dependent style of addressing pain 9 of 28 Affect influencing pain perception Depression, anxiety and emotional variability increases perception of pain 10 of 28 Social factors influencing pain perception Social roles, attention and relief from responsibility impact cost-benefit analysis of pain experience 11 of 28 Subjective-affective cognitive processes Psychological factors influencing pain; Classical and operant conditioning; Affect and cognition 12 of 28 Behavioural processes Responses to pain changes according to perception; Attention, acknowledgement and secondary gains 13 of 28 Conceptualisations of pain experience Comparison; Other's belief in pain; Motivation to understand; Withdraw from public 14 of 28 Acute pain treatment vs chronic Acute = Pharmacological treatment; Chronic = Pharmacological combined with other methods 15 of 28 Respondent treatment methods Modify physiology by reducing muscular tension e.g. biofeedback 16 of 28 Cognitive treatment methods Change thoughts influencing pain management and perception e.g. CBT 17 of 28 Behavioural treatment methods Using principles of conditioning e.g. reinforcement 18 of 28 Placebo Inert substance causing pain relief 19 of 28 Non-interactive theories of placebos Assess individual, treatment or professional in isolation 20 of 28 Individual and placebo effect Suggestibility and emotional dependency 21 of 28 Treatment method and placebo effect Perceived seriousness and size of pills 22 of 28 Professional and placebo effect Perceived concern and status 23 of 28 Interactive theories of placebos Interactions between patient, treatment and professional leads to placebo effect; Conditioning, expectations and anxiety reduction 24 of 28 Physiological theories of placebos Placebos work similarly to opiates; Releases endorphins 25 of 28 Patient expectations to explain placebos Misattribution of changes; Conditioning; Anxiety reduction; Expect to get better so release endorphins 26 of 28 Cognitive dissonance to explain placebos Desire for treatment methods to have low dissonance with our justification of behaviour 27 of 28 Key features of placebo effects Direction, strength, side effects and time of effects parallels the effect of the 'study drug' 28 of 28
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