WK 9 - Perspectives on Psychology

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Who first investigated cognitive dissonance?
Leon Festinger
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What was the name of Festinger's (1957) book?
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
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What is the definition of cognitive dissonance?
Refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a feeling of mental discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviours to reduce the discomfort & restore balance.
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Tim smokes but he knows it can cause lung cancer. Tim is in a state of what?
Cognitive dissonance
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In Festinger & Carlsmith's (1959) experiment, what did they make participants do?
Perform very boring & tedious tasks
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How many conditions were in Festinger & Carlsmith's (1959) experiment?
3
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In Festinger & Carlsmith's (1959) study, what did participants in the "money" incentive had to do?
Had to tell a ‘new’ participant that it was a really fun & exciting study
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In Festinger & Carlsmith's (1959) study, which participants found the task more enjoyable?
The participants who were paid $1
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What was the conclusion of Festinger & Carlsmith's (1959) study?
Participants who were paid $1 could only overcome their dissonance by coming to believe that the tasks really were interesting & enjoyable.
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Marion Keech stated that she received messages from extra-terrestrials known as what?
The Guardians
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After Marion Keech developed followers, what did she do?
Said she'd just received a telepathic message from the Guardians saying that her group of believers made God spare the world from the cataclysm
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What did Festinger & Carlsmith’s (1959) find from the participant’s average ratings?
Results were contrary to common sense
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Who did social psychologist Elliot Aronson study under?
Leon Festinger
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Which psychologist examined influences on social factors on remembering?
Frederick Bartlett
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Who wrote the classic book "Remembering" in 1932?
Frederick Bartlett
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What was the name of Bartlett's most famous study?
"War of the Ghosts" study (1932)
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Bartlett found that upon recall, the participants had made the story shorter and more coherent. How was this achieved?
All four
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In Bartlett's "War of the Ghosts" Study, participants attempted to fit the story into their western schemas. What does this show?
They were making a 'best guess' at the story, based on their own understanding
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Before Bartlett, who used the term "schema"?
Jean Piaget
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Which psychologist is regularly called as an expert witness in trials as a psychological memory expert?
Elizabeth Loftus
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What was the name of Loftus & Pickrell's (1995) study?
"Lost in the Mall" Study
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In Loftus & Pickrell's “Lost in the Mall” Study, participants were presented 4 stories describing childhood events. How many stories were false?
1
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In Loftus & Pickrell's “Lost in the Mall” Study, how many participants remembered the false story to be true?
7 out of 24
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In Loftus & Pickrell's “Lost in the Mall” Study, how many people correctly chose the false story at the debriefing?
19 out of 24
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In Experiment 1 of Loftus’s ‘Remember when you met Bugs Bunny in Disneyland study, participants viewed an ad for Disney that suggested that they shook hands with Mickey Mouse as a child. What were the results?
The ad increased participant’s confidence that they personally had shaken hands with Mickey as a child at a Disney resort.
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What happened in Experiment 2 of Loftus’s ‘Remember when you met Bugs Bunny in Disneyland study?
Participants viewed an ad for Disney which suggested that they shook hands with an impossible character (e.g., Bugs Bunny)
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In the Review of General Psychology, who was ranked as the top-rated women?
Elizabeth Loftus
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was the name of Festinger's (1957) book?

Back

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Card 3

Front

What is the definition of cognitive dissonance?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Tim smokes but he knows it can cause lung cancer. Tim is in a state of what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In Festinger & Carlsmith's (1959) experiment, what did they make participants do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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