environment
- Created by: Elle99
- Created on: 22-11-17 16:42
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- environmental effects on body systems
- Altitude
- the height or elevation of an area above sea level
- as altitude increases, barometric pressure decreases
- partial pressure of o2 decreases
- at rest ppo2 in deoxygenated blood arriving to the alveoli is 40 mmHg
- greater altitude, greater negative impact on diffusion gradient
- at sea level po2= 159 DG to capillary blood = 119
- at 3600m po2=105 DG to capillary blood= 65
- 45% reduction
- 8800m pp02=43 DG to capillary blood= 3
- gradient less steep
- gaseous exchange slower and less efficient
- hypoxia
- condition where respiring tissue is deprived of adequate o2
- less o2 combines with haemoglobin
- haemoglobin not fully saturated
- hypoxia
- gaseous exchange slower and less efficient
- effect on sub max work
- performance deteriorates
- detraining/ reversibility
- decreased VO2 MAX
- Early fatigue
- early lactate threshold& OBLA
- gradient less steep
- partial pressure of o2 decreases
- as altitude increases, barometric pressure decreases
- what coaches do
- prepare for performance at altitude
- 4 weeks optimal for altitude training
- acclimatisation
- when an athlete gradually adapts to a change in their environment
- time constraints
- 3-5 days- low
- 1-2 weeks moderate
- 2+ weeks high
- 4 weeks extreme
- time constraints
- when an athlete gradually adapts to a change in their environment
- benefits on CV & SV
- release of EPO increases within 3 hrs, peaking 24-48 hrs
- increase RBC production
- within 6 weeks exposure to 4,540m concentrationRBC increased by 14%
- increase RBC production
- breathing rate and ventilation stabilise, remain elevated at rest and exercise
- sv and Q reduce as o2 extraction more efficient
- reduced incidence of altitude sickness, teaches, breathlessnes
- release of EPO increases within 3 hrs, peaking 24-48 hrs
- acclimatisation
- 4 weeks optimal for altitude training
- allow extra time and practice
- increase work:relief ratios
- more frequent substitutions
- supplement o2 on sidelines
- IHT
- prepare for performance at altitude
- beneficial for sprint events
- long jump, triple jump
- air is thinner, less air resistance
- anaerobic not effected
- don't use o2
- some: FOG muscle fibres deteriorate due to lactic acid (football, 800m)
- FG fibres improve
- anaerobic not effected
- mexico- 1968 2340m world records
- the height or elevation of an area above sea level
- HEAT
- thermoregulation
- process of maintaining internal core temp
- 37
- thermorecepters detect change in temp
- vasoconstriction
- vasodilation
- sweat
- cooling effect on body
- removes excess heat quickly
- can lead to fluid loss
- after exercise : loose 2-3 litres per hour
- decreases blood volume
- dehydration
- impair body ability to thermoregulate and core temp will rise
- dehydration
- decreases blood volume
- heat loss
- rate of heat loss through sweating
- humidity
- low = increase sweating
- high= increased sweating
- humidity
- hyperthermia
- significant raised body temp
- common: athlete pushes themselves, too long, too hot and humid conditions
- cardiovascular drift
- increased rate of muscular contraction and chemical reactions
- produce metabolic heat
- not removed quick enough to maintain body core temp
- produce metabolic heat
- upward drift in HR during sustained stead star activity associated with an increase in body temp
- 1 celcius = HR by 10bpm
- increased rate of muscular contraction and chemical reactions
- cardiovascular drift
- rate of heat loss through sweating
- process of maintaining internal core temp
- thermoregulation
- Altitude
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