Theme 3 Geography

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  • Created by: lturner17
  • Created on: 01-06-17 16:57
Primary
Industries extracting raw material
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Secondary
Manufacture products from raw material
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Tertiary
Provide a service
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Quaternary
Highly advanced research and use of tech.
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Structure of employment
Proportion of people working in different job sectors
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Primary changes
Was largest industry. Dramatic decrease today
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Secondary changes
Small amount. Dramatic increase. Decreased again today
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Tertiary changes
Small amount. Now most common
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MEDC'S most common
Tertiary= more income
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LEDC'S most common
Primary= more natural resources and less tech
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3 reasons for change
Industrial revolution. Mechanisation. Natural substances are running out.
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4 changes tech has done
Machines= work all the time, more reliable, quicker and more accurate. Sell things on the internet. Call people across the world. Transport with planes
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Formal employment. 2 ads + 1 diss
Contract and salary. Reliable and get benefits. But difficult to get out of contract
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Informal employment. 2 ads + 3 diss
Work that is sporadic. Do it when you can and good for younger people. But no fixed pay, no benefits and have to organise yourself
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Public sector
Working for an organisation controlled by the government
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Private sector
Working for a private company
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4 physical location factors
Raw material availability, price of land, how flat land is, nature transport (rivers)
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4 human location factors
Labour (quantity and quality), transport links, leisure facilities, government incentives (tax/cheap rent)
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Footloose industries
An industry which can locate anywhere. Don't need raw material or specific transport links
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Multinational company
A company with operations in more than one country
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How does MNC's work
HQ in country of origin, manufactories in countries where costs are minimised
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4 advantages that MNC's mean for local area
Money for development, improves education skills, improves transport links, increases jobs
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4 disadvantages of MNC's for local areas
Products have no use to locals, causes pollution, poor pay for workers, profits go overseas
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Development
Change for the better
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What is being developed (4)
Jobs + economic growth, education, heath, infrastructure
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How can social development be measured?
Literacy rate, life expectancy, fertility rate
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How can economic development be measured?
GDP, HDI (human development index), PPP (purchasing power parity- average heath of country compared with cost of living)
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BRICM
Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico= developed
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NIC
Newly industrialised country
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Development gap
Widening gap between richest and poorest countries
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Brandt line
Imginary division of countries in the world to the rich North and poor South
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Brandt line- does it still work
Many countries in the poor South have developed like NIC's so no longer works
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Interdependence
Countries depending on other countries resources= importing and exporting
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Imports
Where a country buys goods that they don't have access to in their country
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Exports
Where a country sells goods to another country
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Free trade
When governments neither restrict nor encourage the movement go goods
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Fair trade
Where fair prices are paid to the producer
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How fair trade helps (3)
60% more money paid to workers, technical advice, more profits- educate children- skilled jobs- government more taxes- development of country
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Conditional/ bilateral aid
Tied + strings attached
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Multilateral aid
Given by a world organisation (UN)
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What are the Millennium Development Goals
Worlds targets for addressing extreme poverty
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4 examples of their goals
Reduce poverty, promote gender equality, environment sustainability, Improve education
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Climate change definition
A long term change in the annual weather conditions
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Human causes
Burning fossil fuels
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Natural cause
Volcanic eruptions, suns rays
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Effects of climate change
Flooding, glaciers melt, reduced crops, landscape change, species extinct, storms (weather pattern change)
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How can climate change be managed
More renewable energy, public transport
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Sources of fresh water (5)
Sea water, reservoirs, ice, underground, cloud seeding (chemicals which cause cloud- precipitate)
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Access to fresh water
Urban= piped and sustainable. Rural= not much + unsafe- can result in spread of disease
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Lack of water caused by
Population increase, lack of rainfall
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How is access to water being improved
Charities like water aid= wells, education, and financial support
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Secondary

Back

Manufacture products from raw material

Card 3

Front

Tertiary

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Quaternary

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Structure of employment

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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