Devised the Multi - Store Model of Memory. Consisting of 3 separate stores, the sensory memory [SM], short term memory [STM] and long term memory [LTM].
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Sensory Memory
Capacity: Huge /Duration: Only about 2 seconds /Encoding: Mainly Visual, could be echoic or haptic.
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Short Term Memory
Capacity: 5-9 items /Duration: Up to 30 seconds approximately /Encoding: Mainly Acoustically.
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Long Term Memory
Capacity: Potentially Unlimited /Duration: Up to a lifetime /Encoding: Mainly Semantic.
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Peterson & Peterson (59) - Duration of STM
Tested how long STM lasted when rehearsal was prevented. Showed trigrams to people and told to count back from 3 after to prevent rehearsal. 3 seconds 80% correct Recall, 18 seconds 10% correct recall
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Evaluation of Peterson & Peterson (59) - Duration of STM
(W) Trigrams are artificial things to remember... (W) Its possible that other trigrams interfered and it wasn't decay that made poor recall... (S) Lab experiment so high control
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Baddeley (66) - Encoding of STM
Participants were divided into groups and each heard a list of 5 words and immediately after they were asked to recall in correct order. Findings were only 55% correct recall of acoustic similar as to 75% correct recall of acoustic dissimilar words.
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Evaluation of Baddeley (66) - Encoding of STM
(S) Lab experiment so high control... (W) Reductionist as it does not reflect the complexity of encoding.
Investigators tracked down graduates from a particular high school in america over a 50 year period. 392 students were shown photos of classmates. 90% Correct recall after 14 years - 60% after 47 years. (Name Matching Condition)
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Evaluation of Bahrick (75) - Duration of LTM
(S) Used meaningful stimulus and not just random stuff from experiments e.g yearbooks... (W) After 47 years memory decreases with age and could be the factor.
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Baddeley (66) - Encoding of LTM
Same experiment as STM Encoding up to the instant recall, instead after an activity of 20 minuets recall was asked. 55% accuracy of semantic similar words and 85% accuracy with semantic dissimilar words.
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Evaluation of Baddeley (66) - Encoding of LTM
(S) Lab Experiment so high control
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Baddeley (66) - Primary & Recency
Evidence - It has been found that if people are given a relatively long list of words (e.g. 20) and asked to recall, there is greater recall at the start and at the end due to STM - End & LTM - Start.
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Evaluation of Baddeley (66) - Primary & Recency
Glanzer & Cunitz (66) - Put a delay of counting back in 3s to see if they could disrupt the primary and recency effect and did so shows that the P&R effect is for STM only.
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Case Studies and the MSM - HM
HM - Underwent an operation to remove part of the brain (includes Hippocampus) to control epileptic fits. Damaged STM as he could not make new Memories. However he kept the memories he had so his LTM was still intact.
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Case Studies and the MSM - Clive W
Clive W - Suffered a viral infection which attacked his brain damaging his hippocampus and other associated areas. He could not remember recent events but his episodic memory did not work well (suggesting more LTM stores) His procedural skills remain
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Evaluation of MSM (W)
(W) MSM is seen as reductionist and too simple and memory could be more complex... (W) More than one STM & LTM store proven by case studies and the WMM... (W) Rehearsal not always needed to remember things.
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Evaluation of MSM (S)
(S) It distinguishes between STM and LTM in capacity/duration/encoding and support comes from case studies... (S) Lots of Experiments that have high control and can establish cause and effect
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Capacity: Huge /Duration: Only about 2 seconds /Encoding: Mainly Visual, could be echoic or haptic.
Back
Sensory Memory
Card 3
Front
Capacity: 5-9 items /Duration: Up to 30 seconds approximately /Encoding: Mainly Acoustically.
Back
Card 4
Front
Capacity: Potentially Unlimited /Duration: Up to a lifetime /Encoding: Mainly Semantic.
Back
Card 5
Front
Tested how long STM lasted when rehearsal was prevented. Showed trigrams to people and told to count back from 3 after to prevent rehearsal. 3 seconds 80% correct Recall, 18 seconds 10% correct recall
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