Memory

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Coding?
Way in which information is stored in the memory
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Duration?
How long a memory trace can last
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Capacity?
Amount of information that can be stored
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Coding of: Sensory register, STM and LTM?
Sensory register- modal specific. STM- Acoustic. LTM- Semantic
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Duration of: Sensory register, STM and LTM?
Sensory register- less than half a second. STM- 18-30 seconds. LTM- Potentially a lfetime.
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Capacity of: Sensory register, STM and LTM?
Sensory register- Very high. STM- 5-9 Items. LTM- Unlimited
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What did Miller research?
Capacity
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What did Baddeley research?
Coding
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What did Peterson and Peterson research?
Duration
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Iconic memory?
Visual information
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Echoic memory?
Sound or auditory information
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Rehearsal of STM?
Maintenance
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Rehearsal of LTM?
Elaborative
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Who created MSM?
Atkinson and Shiffren
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Who created WMM?
Baddeley and Hitch
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What components are in WMM?
Central executive, Phonological loop,, Visuo-spatial sktchpad and Episodic Buffer.
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Strength of WMM?
Great detail of STM
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Weakness of WMM?
Only gives partial explanation of how information is transferred into the LTM
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Who said there were 3 LTM types?
Tulving
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What are these 3 types of LTM?
Episodic, Semantic and Procedural
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Whats episodic?
Personal events
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Whats semantic?
Facts and knowledge
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Whats procedural?
Learnt skills
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Who said theres 2 LTM stores?
Cohen andSquire
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What are these 2 stores?
Declarative and Non-declarative
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What LTM type goes into declarative?
Episodic and Semantic
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What LTM types goes into non-declarative?
Procedural
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What is interference?
when one memory blocks another, causing one or both to be distorted or forgotten
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What's retroactive interference?
New interferes with old memory
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What's proactive interference?
Old interferes with new memory
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State dependent forgetting?
psychological or emotional state when learning and recalling must be the same
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Context dependent forgetting?
when environment is different during learning and recall
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Goodwin Et Al study?
48 male medical students. recall was best when groups were sober or drunk on both days. supports state-dependent forgetting.
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Godden and Baddeley study?
asked to learn 36 unrelated words. groups who learnt and recalled on land or in water did best. supports context-dependent forgetting
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Another study that supports context-dependent forgetting?
Aggleton and Washkett - at the viking centre
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What is eyewitness testimony?
an account given by people of an event they have witnessed
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influencing factors of EWT?
anxiety, schemas, leading questions, cognitive interview
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errors in EWT made by what?
misleading information, leading questions, weapon focus and poor viewing conditions
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Leading questions?
wording of a question can effect recall and suggests what answer is desired
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anxiety?
sense of unease and worry, impacts the validity of EWT
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Flashbulb memory?
special kind of episodic memory that is recalled in great detail. eg 9/11.
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Post event discussion?
memory of an event may be altered through discussing events with others/ being questioned loads.
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Memory conformity?
people being influence by others report. can then lead to their memory becoming similar to others. may lead to mistakes and inaccurate recall.
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weapon focus phenomenon?
attention fixed on weapon due to fear and anxiety leads to less accurate recall of detais
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4 things in cognitive interview?
1. report everything. 2. mental reinstatement. 3. change the order. 4. change perspective
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strength of cognitive interview?
more accurate recall, more effective than normal interview
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limitation of cognitive interview?
time-consuming, special training needed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Duration?

Back

How long a memory trace can last

Card 3

Front

Capacity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Coding of: Sensory register, STM and LTM?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Duration of: Sensory register, STM and LTM?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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