MEMORY KEY TERMS

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CODING
The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores.
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CAPACITY
The amount of information that can be held in a memory store.
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DURATION
The amount of time information can be held in memory.
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SHORT TERM MEMORY (STM)
The limited capacity memory store. Coding mainly acoustic. Capacity 5-9. Duration 18-30 secs.
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LONG TERM MEMORY (LTM)
The permanent memory store. Coding mainly semantic. Unlimited capacity. Can store memories for up to a lifetime.
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MULTI-STORE MODEL (MSM)
Representation of how memory works, in terms of 3 stores (sensory register, STM, LTM). Describes how info is transferred from one store to another, how it is remembered & forgotten.
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SENSORY REGISTER
Memory stores for each of our 5 senses. Coding in ionic sensory register is visual & acoustic in echoic sensory register. Capacity huge(millions of receptors) and infomation lasts for short time (less half second).
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EPISODIC MEMORY
Long term memory store for personal events. Includes memories of when events occured (people&places&objects&behaviours). Memories from this store have to be rerieved consciously and with effort.
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SEMANTIC MEMORY
Long term memory store for our knowledge of the world. Includes facts and knowledge of what words & concepts mean. Memories usually need to be recalled delibrately.
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PROCEDURAL MEMORY
Long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things. Includes our memory of learned skills. Usually recall these memories without making a conscious/deliberate effort.
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WORKING MEMORY MODEL (WMM)
Representation of STM. Suggests that STM is a dynamic processor of different types of info using sub-units coordinated by a central decision-making system.
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CENTRAL EXECUTIVE (CE)
Component of the WMM that coordinates the activities of the 3 sub systems in memory. Also allocates processing recources to those activities.
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PHONOLOGICAL LOOP (PL)
Component of WMM that processes info in terms of sound. Includes both written & spoken material. Divided into phonological store and the articlatory process.
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VISUO-SPATIAL SKETCHPAD (VSS)
The component of the WMM that processes visual & spacial info in a mental space often called our 'inner eye'.
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EPISODIC BUFFER (EB)
Component of WMM that brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than seperate strands. Also provides a bridge between working memory & long term memory
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INTERFERENCE
Forgetting because one memory blocks another, causing one of both memories to be distorted or forgotten.
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PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE (PI)
Forgetting occurs when older memories, already stored, disrupt the recall of newer memories. The degree of forgetting is greater when the memories are similar.
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RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE (RI)
Forgetting occurs when newer memories disrupt the recall of older memories already stored. The degree of forgetting is again greater when the memories are similar.
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RETRIEVAL FAILURE
A form of forgetting which occurs when we don't have the necessary cues to access memory. The memory is available but not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided.
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CUE
A 'trigger' of info that allows us to access a memory. May be meaningful or may be indirectly linked by being encoded at the time of learning. Can be external (environmental context) or internal (mood/degree of drunkenness).
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EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY (EWT)
The ability of people to remember the details of events, such as accidents and crimes, which they themselves have observed. Accuracy of EWT can be affected by factors such as misleading information, leading questions and anxiety.
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MISLEADING INFORMATION
Incorrect information given to the EW usually after the event. It can take many forms, such as leading questions and post-event discussion between co-witnesses and/or other people.
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LEADING QUESTIONS
A question which, because of the way it is phrased, suggests a certain answer. For example, 'was the knife in the accused's left hand?' this suggests the answer is 'left hand'.
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POST-EVENT DISCUSSION (PED)
Occurs when there is more than one witness to an event. Witnesses may discuss what they have seen with co-witnesses or with other people. This may influence the accuracy of each witness's recall of the event.
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ANXIETY
A state of emotional and physical arousal. The emotions include having worried thoughts & feelings of tension. Physical changes include an increased heart rate and sweatiness.
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COGNITIVE INTERVIEW (CI)
A method of interviewing EWs to help them retrieve more accurate memories. Uses 4 main techniques all based on well established psychological knowledge of human memory (report everything, reinstate content, reverse order, change perspective).
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The amount of information that can be held in a memory store.

Back

CAPACITY

Card 3

Front

The amount of time information can be held in memory.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The limited capacity memory store. Coding mainly acoustic. Capacity 5-9. Duration 18-30 secs.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The permanent memory store. Coding mainly semantic. Unlimited capacity. Can store memories for up to a lifetime.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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