Philosophy Keywords

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  • Created by: asma
  • Created on: 11-05-13 16:19
Postulate
Something which is an initial assumption
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Analytic
A statement that is true by definition and no evidence is needed.
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Inductive Argument
Can't prove but tries to persuade by providing evidence from human experiences in support of conclusion.
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Deductive Argument
Proven through logic and no evidence is needed.
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Posteriori Argument
Depends on some kind of evidence to support them.
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Priori Argument
Is like a deductive argument, which is proven through logic to prove a point and doesn't need evidence.
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Empirical Knowledge
Knowledge gained from the senses.
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Creationists
People who use the Bible to prove the existence of God and creation.
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Necessary
Refers to something which logically must be true.
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Theodicy
Justification of God. It is an attempt by philosophers to reconcile the goodness and omnipotence of God with the existence of evil. Augustine and Iraneus are two key scholars.
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Apparent Good
A person does anything and everything he or she does only because that thing appears to be good.
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Superego
The subconscious set of moral controls given to us by outside influences like the rules of society.
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Sceptic
Someone who questions things. They're not easily swayed into believing what you want them to believe.
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Categorical Imperative
An absolute and universal sense of moral duty which directs humans to the right action.
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Priori Knowledge
Is knowledge gained from logical reasoning, wholly independent on sense experience.
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Contingent
Dependent on something else for its being.
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Creationism
An acceptance of the Genesis account of the creation of the Universe as factual truth.
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Inconsistent Triad
Means that a perfectly good and all knowing God cannot exist at the same time of evil. (J.L Mackie came up with the "Inconsistent Triad".
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Efficient Cause
Aristotle used this to explain how something happens, the agent which brings something about.
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Actuality
Is when an object fulfills its potential and becomes something else.
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Absolutist
A rule that is true in all situations.
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Final Cause
Aristotle used this to mean the purpose of something.
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Predicate
A characteristic or attribute of something.
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Transcendent
Completely separate and out of his creation. (God)
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Epistemic Distance
A distance in knowledge or awareness.
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Infinite Regression
Things that continue back forever.
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Deism
Is a belief in an impersonal creator God.
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Absolute
Means a truth which never varies.
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Summum Bonum
Is the state of supreme good when virtue and happiness come together.
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Ontological Argument
Of or relating to essence or the nature of being.
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Cosmological Argument
Cosmos is the Greek word for universe, and logical which follows from reason.
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Material Cause
What something is made from. For example, a rat would be made up of blood, muscles, fur, liver, bones and other bits. It doesn't explain everything but helps understand important aspects.
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Efficient Cause
Activity that makes something happen. Brings about change in something.
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Formal Cause
Form or shape something has.
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Final Cause
Somethings purpose and its reason for existing. Aristotle used this to discuss nature of goodness. Something was good when it fulfills its end.
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Potentiality
Capability of something to change but not yet in that state.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A statement that is true by definition and no evidence is needed.

Back

Analytic

Card 3

Front

Can't prove but tries to persuade by providing evidence from human experiences in support of conclusion.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Proven through logic and no evidence is needed.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Depends on some kind of evidence to support them.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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