The key that the piece is played in makes it sound happy
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minor
The key that the piece is played in makes it sound sad
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Melody and Accompaniment
One instrument played the main tune (the melody) whilst the remaining instruments play the other parts underneath, like chords (accompaniment).
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Improvisation
A soloist makes a section of the piece up on the spot, based on the appropriate chords.
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Homophonic
Two parts are being played together
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Monophonic
There is only one part being played
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Polyphonic
Multiple parts are playing different things at the same time.
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Call and Response
One part plays one thing, and the second responds once they're finished.
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Unison
Parts are played at the same time
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Canon
Parts are played one after the other, but are playing the same thing (sometimes overlapping)
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tonal
Music with a sense of key
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atonal
Music with no sense of key
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12 bar blues structure
The 3 main chords used in blues music (C major, F major,G major)
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Theme and Variations
One section is composed to be the theme. All variations after are based off of the theme, but changes may have been made (e.g. key change, time signature, etc).
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Legato
The notes are played fluently/smoothly.
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Staccato
The notes are played in a bouncy, separated manner.
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