Important numbers & statistics for Unit 1

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What is the capacity of the short term memory?
7+/-2 bits of information
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What is the duration of the short term memory?
18-30 seconds
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In JACOBS study, what was the average number of digits recalled?
9.3 items
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In JACOBS study, what was the average number of letters recalled?
7.3 items
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In JACOBS study, what was the average score for 8-year-old children?
6.6 items
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In JACOBS' study, what was the average score for a 19-year-old?
8.6 items
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In PETERSON'S study, what were the time intervals tested?
3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds
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In PETERSON'S study, what was the % success rate at 3 seconds?
80%
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In PETERSON'S study, what was the % success rate at 6 seconds?
40%
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In PETERSON'S study, what was the % success rate at 18 seconds?
10%
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In BAHRICK'S study, how many p's were used?
392 ex-high school students
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In BAHRICK'S study, what was the range of time since p's had graduated?
2 weeks - 57 years
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In BAHRICK'S study, what was the % success rate after 15 years in the free recall?
60%
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In BAHRICK'S study, what was the % success rate after 35 years in the free recall?
30%
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In BAHRICK'S study, what was the % success rate after 15 years in the name recognition?
90%
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In BAHRICK'S study, what was the % success rate after 35 years in the name recognition?
70%
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In BAHRICK'S study, what was the % success rate after 15 years in the photo recognition?
90%
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In BAHRICK'S study, what was the % success rate after 35 years in the photo recognition?
80%
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In LOFTUS' study, how many photos were p's shown?
50
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In LOFTUS' study, what was the % success rate for the high anxiety condition?
33%
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In LOFTUS' study, what was the % success rate for the low anxiety condition?
49%
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In CHRISTIANSON & HUBINETTE'S study, how many p's were there?
58 real witnesses
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In CHRISTIANSON & HUBINETTE'S study, for how long afterwards did the eye witness testimonies stay accurate?
15 months
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In YUILLE & CUTSHALL'S study, how many p's were there?
13 witnesses
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In YUILLE & CUTSHALL'S study, for how long afterwards did the eye witness testimonies stay accurate?
4 months
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, how many p's were used?
43 students
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, how long did the clips last?
5-30 seconds
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, how many clips were shown?
7 clips
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, what was the average speed estimated when the word "smashed" was used?
40.8 mph
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, what was the average speed estimated when the word "contacted" was used?
31.8 mph
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, how many p's believed there was broken glass, when the word "smashed" was used?
16 out of 50
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, how many p's believed there was broken glass, when the word "hit" was used?
7 out of 50
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In LOFTUS & PALMER'S study, how many p's in the control group believed there was broken glass?
6 out of 50
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In a META-ANALYSIS into cognitive interviews, how many studies were compared?
53 studies
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In a META-ANALYSIS into cognitive interviews, what was the difference in % recall?
34% increase
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In FISHER ET AL'S study, how many p's were used?
16 detectives
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In FISHER ET AL'S study, how many months were standard interviews recorded for?
4 months
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In FISHER ET AL'S study, how many standard interviews were collected?
88 interviews
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In FISHER ET AL'S study, how many training sessions did detectives attend and for how long?
4 x 1 hour sessions
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In FISHER ET AL'S study, what was the % change in the amount of accurate information obtained?
63% increase
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In AINSWORTH & BELL'S study, what % of US infants were securely attached?
70%
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In AINSWORTH & BELL'S study, what % of US infants had insecure avoidant attachments?
20%
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In AINSWORTH & BELL'S study, what % of US infants had insecure resistant attachments?
10%
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In IJZENDOORN & KROONENBURG'S meta-analysis, how many studies were used?
32 studies
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In IJZENDOORN & KROONENBURG'S meta-analysis, how many children were studied?
over 2000
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In IJZENDOORN & KROONENBURG'S meta-analysis, what was the difference between variation within culture and variation between cultures?
1.5 greater
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In IJZENDOORN & KROONENBURG'S meta-analysis, how many Japanese infants were securely attached?
68%
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In IJZENDOORN & KROONENBURG'S meta-analysis, how many West German infants, had insecure avoident attachments?
35%
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In BOWBLY'S study, how many thieves were interviewed?
44 thieves
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In BOWBLY'S study, how many thieves had suffered maternal deprivation?
over 50%
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In BOWBLY'S study, how many of the control group had suffered maternal deprivation?
only 2
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In BOWBLY'S study, how many thieves had been diagnosed affectionless psychopaths?
32%
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In BOWBLY'S study, how many of the control group had been diagnosed affectionless psychopaths?
none
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In HODGES & TIZARD'S study, how many children had been placed in an institution?
65 children
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In HODGES & TIZARD'S study, how many children had been rehomed by 4?
15 children
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In HODGES & TIZARD'S study, how many children had been adopted?
24 children
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In HODGES & TIZARD'S study, what ages were children studies at?
4,8 and 16 years old
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In HODGES & TIZARD'S study, what was the attrition?
40%
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In RUTTER ET AL'S study, how many orphans were studies?
100 Romanian orphans
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In RUTTER ET AL'S study, what ages were the children studies at?
4,6 and 11 years old
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In NICHD'S study, how many children were studied and how old were they?
over 1000 children, aged 5 years old
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In NICHD's study, how many times more likely were full time children to show behavioral problems than part time?
3 times more likely
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In BELSKY'S study, what % of children spending over 30 hours were aggressive towards peers?
17%
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In BELSKY'S study, what % of children spending under 10 hours were aggressive towards peers?
6%
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In SHEA'S study, how old were the children studied?
3-4 years old
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In SHEA'S study, how long did it last?
10 weeks
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Card 2

Front

What is the duration of the short term memory?

Back

18-30 seconds

Card 3

Front

In JACOBS study, what was the average number of digits recalled?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

In JACOBS study, what was the average number of letters recalled?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In JACOBS study, what was the average score for 8-year-old children?

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