Why was the Third Crusade a limited success?

Why was the Third Crusade a limited success?

• Weak Muslim opposition 
• Strong leadership of the Crusaders
• Weaknesses of the Crusader States 
• Preparations & Overcoming logistical problems associated with Crusading 
• Motivation & Clear aims 
• Size of the army & Military skill and tactics

Weak Muslim opposition 

Temporary alliances at Hattin had artificially swelled Saladin's army- many of those involved had lost interest/had more important commitments and had left following the recapture of Jerusalem. 

Saladin's army was therefore smaller and weaker, shown by his inability to take Frankish strongholds such as Tyre.

Saladin was unable to beat Richard at Arsuf in September 1191 (despite it being him who initated the attack).

He was very weak in 1192 and was prepared to leave Jerusalem. 

Saladin launched constant unified attacks during the Crusader march to Jaffa. 

Saladin lost at Jaffa in July 1192- showingg he couldn't drive the Franks out of the Holy Land. 

 
Strong leadership of the Crusaders

The capture of Cyprus in May 1191, became a foothold that was usueful for further attacks. 

The seige of Acre (August 1189 to July 1191) involved Richard's plan of 'negotiation and attack' which was highly effective. 

After Philip II of France departed in July 1191 it meant there was only one leader (Richard III of England)

The march to Jaffa in August 1191 was in stricty formation, had rest days and Richard was constantly present, provided motivation. 

Richard attempted to make a rift within the Muslim leadership of Saladin and his brother Al-Adil through diplomatic negotiations (offering his sister Joan to marry Al-Adil).

Richard's repuation improved by his victory at Jaffa in July 1192, this would be a future Chritian foothold in the Holy Land. 

Richard's authority was undermined in January 1191 when he turned back from Jerusalem. 

There was petty disagreement between Richard and Philip over the former not marrrying the latter's sister (Alice), and the fact that Richard had a larger army. 

Richard's leadership was undermined by problems in Europe: especially his younger brother John who exiled Richard's viceroy, attempted a coup and plotted with Philip. 

 
Weaknesses of the Crusader States 

Conrad of Montferrat and Guy os Luisgnan were contesting to…