The unification of Italy 1820-32
The Italian revolutions 1820-32
- Created by: Isabelle
- Created on: 09-02-11 17:49
ITALIAN POLITICS IN 1815 (1)
What were the profiles, beleifs and actions of...
1. Liberals
2. Radicals
3. Nationalists
ITALIAN POLITICS IN 1815
LIBERALS
- Profile: non violent / middle class
- Beliefs: people had a right to some say in goverment / favoured consistutional monarchy
- Actions: law that guaranteed certain rights / fair trail / free speech
RADICALS
- Profile: some members of secert socitities / university students
- Beliefs: political powere should lie with people not parliament / social reforms and fair distrubution of wealth
- Actions: violent methods / protests
NATIONALISTS
- Beliefs: people of same race, language, culture should be united in an independant nation
ITALIAN POLITICS IN 1815 (2)
Give a defintion to the following...
1. Absoloute Monarchy
2. Republican Monarchy
3. Consitiutional Monarchy
ITALIAN POLITICS IN 1815
Absolute Monarchy - A political system under which a monarch rules without a consistution that limits his powers and without a parliament whose agreement is needed for the making of laws
Republican Monarchy - A system under which a elected goverment controls the affairs of a state, and in which there is no monarch even as a figurehead
Constitutional Monarchy - A system under which a king is bound by a certain agreed restrictions on his power set out in a written document (the constitution)
ITALIAN POLITICS IN 1815 - SECRET SOCIETIES (3)
Who did the secret societies attract?
A weakness of the socieities was?
Name a famous secret society? (hint: charcoal burners)
Mention some facts about the societiy
ITALIAN POLITICS IN 1815 - SECRET SOCIETIES
- Secret socities mainly attracted well educated middle class
-
- A weakness of the societies was their unwillingness to work together and lack of organisation
- The Carbonari was a famous secret society
- They were particulary active in Southern Italy
- Around 60,000 members
REVOLUTIONS 1820-21 - Naples (4)
Why?
What were the successes?
What were the failures?
REVOLUTIONS 1820-21 - Naples
Why:
- King Ferdiand increased churches power
- Censoring books / newspapers / magazines - angered middle class
- Ferdinand was short of money so cut back on public spending
Success:
- Carbonari and Liberals in Naples encouraged to take action - it gained mass support
- The attempt by the goverment troops to round up the rebels was very half hearted
- July King Ferdinand agreed to grant consitiution
- A new goverment was appointed
Failures:
- Ferdinand declared he had been forced to grant consitiution out of fear and aked Austria to help him restore absolute power - Metternich delighted to intervene
REVOLUTIONS 1820-21 - Sicily (5)
Why?
What were the successes?
What were the failures?
REVOLUTIONS 1820-21 - Sicily
Why:
- People determined to fight for independence from Naples
- Ferdinands goverment neglecting islands needs
- Agricultural prices had fallen sharply
Successes:
- Demands for consitiution
- Neopolitan governor sent home by boat
Failures:
- Didn't get support form Naples revolutionaries
- Naples regained control over Sicily
REVOLUTIONS 1820-21 - Piedmont (6)
Why?
What were the successses?
What were the failures?
REVOLUTIONS 1820-21 - Piedmont
Why:
- The King, Victor Emmanuel I, persued very reactionary policy
Successes:
- A revolutionary goverment was established in the town of Alessandria, and proclaimed their independence as the 'Kingdom of Italy' and declared war on Austria
- Army mutiny in Turin encouraged VEI to abdicate
- Liberals turned to the leadership of Charles Albert who appointed new gov.
Failures:
- Charles was no the legitimate ruler. Therfore Charles Felix issued statement denouncing Charles Albert as a rebel and refused to except any change in goverment
- Charles Albert took flight and left Liberals to defend constitution
- Felix appealed to Metternich for aid
REVOLUTIONARIES OF 1831-2 - Modena and Parma
Why?
What were the successes?
What were the failures?
REVOLUTIONS 1831-2 - Modena and Parma
Why:
- Revolt led by Enrico Misely who had plans for a united Italy
- revealed plans to leader Duke Francis IV but trust was betrayed and he was arrested in February 1831
Succsees:
- Whilst the Duke went to Vienna for Austrian help, revolutionaries took up the city Modena and set up a provisional gov.
- This encoraged students in Parma to organise riots and demand constitution from their ruler who fled - a provisional gov. was established
- Contact with revoloutionaries in Modena was made and a joint army was appointed
Failures:
- Revolutionaires had little time to organise before Duke Francis returned to Modena with an Austrian army - defeated the Revolutionaires
REVOLUTIONS 1820-32 - Failures (7)
Mention a few failures of the 1820-32 Revolutions
REVOLUTIONS 1820-32 - Failures
- Piedmont, Naples and Papal states reactionary goverments strengthened with help of Austria and military force
- Success was only temporary
- Failure to take united action
- Little communication between revolutionaires in the different states
- Revolutionaires were not co-ordinated
- Popular interest and support not encouraged by revolutionary leaders
- Revolutionaries were divided among themselves, lacked mass support and outside help
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