GCSE AQA Physical Education Notes Physical and Metal Demands of Performance
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- Created by: Annie
- Created on: 18-10-10 15:28
Fatigue
All emotionals are dealt with differently by every person.
Fatigue is the feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness bought on by extreme exertion and it can result in temporary loss of strength and energy. When you have fatigue the following things are likely to occur:
- Your body may not be able to carry on with what you are doing due to local muscular fatigue (when a muscle, or group of muscles are unable to carry on contracting and movement stops.) This may result in stopping what you are doing competely.
- Concertration decreases meaning your more likely to make mistakes.
- Skill levels decrease as speed and strength decrease.
- If you don't stop to rest your body will force you to rest.
This is serious and can result in injury, often brought on by the fact that techniques are not performed correctly. Fatigue is one of the reasons why subs are allowed in major sporting events so that coaches or managers are allowed to replace players if they develop fatigue.
Stress
Stress is the bodies reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response and this can be linked to other factors in a sporting situation. Some people may find that they become more agressive and others may find that levels of arousal are increased.
- Excitment or suspence can lead to tension which can lead to muscle tightness which will have a physical effect.
- Anxiety can make you feel uneasy and apprehensive both before and during performance. Over anxiousness causes mistakes but it may help focus.
- Nerousness can add to tension levels, making you more tense and agitated to the point of physical effects such as shaking or feeling sick.
- Motivation will decrease.
Everyone gets stressed but it's more common in indiviual actitives where the focus is on one person, although it does happen in team games such as a batter walking out to bat in cricket. People who become bored easily or find aspects of either practicing or performing tedious are likely to acheive less as performers.
Injury
Precations should be taken to minimise risk of injury. This happens by players using the correct techniques, if players use the wrong techniques they get injuryed.
Precautions against injury include:
- A risk assessment carried out and findings followed up.
- Warm-ups and warm-downs when starting and finishing.
- All rules should be clear, followed and enforced.
Internally caused injuries (these can only be caused by the performer):
- Overuse injuries - caused by either training or performing too much and include stress fractures, a break in the bone caused by repeated application of a heavy load or constant pounding on the surface, such as running, and musle and tendon injuries. Tennis players suffer from tennis elbow, inflammation of the tendon attached to the elbow joint.
- Suden injuries - when you are taking part in an activity there's a stain put on the body owing to lots of stretching, twisting and turning, often resulting in problems, such as hamstring pulls.
Injury 2
Extenally caused injuries, these are caused by factors other than the performer themselves and include:
- Foul play or incorrect actions - this includes poor technique and involves other players and are usually quite serious and rules are to prevent them.
- Impact injuries - many activites permit physical contact (hockey, netball, football etc,) but contact may occur with other objects such as football boots, netballs, goal posts, the floor, vaulting boxes etc.
- Equipment and clothing - this includes damaged equipment, such as splinters from damaged hockey sticks, or badly fitting, such as trainers that are too tight causing blisters, or inappropriate clothing, such as baggy clothing in trampolinning.
- Accidents - whatever precautions are in place there will always be some accidents.
First Aid and Emergency Arrangements
If there is an injury it is important to know what to do. Common injuries include:
- Head injuries - you must insure the person in able to breath and must be put in the coma position, making sure there mouth and nose is clear. Concussion can occur and is usually obvious from loss of consciousness, very relaxed limbs, weak and irregular pulse, slow and shallow breathing, dilated pupils (enlarged, expanded or widened,) and even bleeding from the ears. Concussion is one to be dealt with by doctors.
- Fractures - these are broken bones, often a snapping sound can be heard when they occur but signs include pain in the area, the shape and outline of the limb is abnormal or it's in an unnatural position, there is swelling and a bone may be seen.
- Hypothermia - this is rapid cooling of the body when the temperature drops very quickly. If the person is wearing wet clothing remove these immediatly and cover them with warm dry clothing and blankets.
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