Cognitive Processing- Memory.
- Created by: Chloe Rees 2001
- Created on: 12-12-20 18:28
View mindmap
- Cognitive Processes- Memory
- Multi-store model.
- Atkinson and Shiffrin (1986)
- Sensory store
- First store. Modality specific with a specific store for each. Only what we pay attention to is transferred to STM. Duration of 2s before decay.
- Short term memory
- Info has duration of 12.30s without being rehearsed. Very fragile store. Info either transferred to LTM or forgotten through placement or decay.
- Miller's magic number- capacity to remember 7 chunks of info. (7+/-2)
- Info has duration of 12.30s without being rehearsed. Very fragile store. Info either transferred to LTM or forgotten through placement or decay.
- Long term memory
- Info remains here for up to a lifetime (Banner et al 1975)
- Stored semantically (meaning). forgetting may be caused by context
- Working memory model
- Tulving (1967)
- Episodic memory
- Specific memory of events, experiences and personal memories. Encode using context. Memory stored along with details. Can be cued. Godden& Bladdeley-drivers recall study.
- Semantic memory
- Relationships. meaning and how they work together. Memories about where located. Robust and resistant.
- Dementia- STM goes first, semantic much later. Language stored and organised- semantic category.
- Procedural memory
- Motor memories- how to do things. Extremely robust and resistant to change. A form of implicit memory. Links with automatic processing.
- Bladdeley& Hitch 1974
- MSM is too simple. WMM argues STM made up of several systems. Modelled how stored info is manipulated in complex cognitive tasks.
- Central executive
- Centre control of the system. Allocates info to subsystems. Phono loop and visuo. Deals with complex tasks such as metal arithmetic and problem solving.
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad (inner eye)
- Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form. Navigation
- Phonological loop
- Deals with spoken and written material. Phono store(inner ear) Articulatory loop(inner voice) used to rehearse and store verbal info from phono.
- Levels of processing
- Craik& Lockhart 1872-way in which we encode. Attentional +perceptual processes affect LTM. Deeper processing=longer memory.
- Three conditions- Shallow- if a word was upper or lower case. Intermediate- if word rhymes with target. Deep- if word makes sense in sentence.
- Testing effect
- Dunlosky et al 2013- reviewed 10 learning strategies. Repeated was most effective.
- Eye witness Testimony
- Carries weight in court. Simons& Chabris2011- 37% American believe it to be enough to convict. 350 people death sentence later proved innocent via DNA.
- Loftus& Palmer 1974
- Tuckey& Brewer 2003-more likely convict male as bank robber with balaclava.
- Clive Wearing-Clinical case
- Damage to hippocampus by virus- led to amnesia-unable to form new memories.
- Multi-store model.
Comments
No comments have yet been made