Charles 2nds
- Created by: nelsonmaizie
- Created on: 21-09-20 20:50
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- How successful was the reign of Charles up to 1678?
- Finance
- successes
- - royal income increased greatly, this was achieved through tax revenue on customs & excise payments, trade flourished towards the end of Charles reign
- from 1670 onwards Charles received pensions & ump sums from Louis XIV of France
- Annual gov increased from £700k -£1mil
- earned £100k from tobacco imports
- 'Fared revenue' - tax collection less corrupt as placed in hands of commissioned officers, helped increase revenue
- Granted subsidies of £580k (navy)
- Secret treaty w/ France for £75k a year
- - royal income increased greatly, this was achieved through tax revenue on customs & excise payments, trade flourished towards the end of Charles reign
- Failures
- Parliament Would only provide funds if he suspended the declaration (SDI)
- Financial crisis (1671-1672), Dutch 3rd war, debts began to grow
- Introduction of the stop of the Exchequer in 1672 only paid intertest on his debts (charles)
- Charles and parl fraud act 1662,1663 Staples act & plantations act focused on how trade was brought into ports
- Promised £1mil a year if 30,000 troops raised to fight in France, only £30k raised... intentional?
- successes
- Religion
- Success
- Clarendon used as scapegoat for catholic conspiracy
- 1675 lack of enthusiasm for persecution
- Failures
- 1st few years of reign showed tolerance & commitment to Anglicanism, against parliaments wishes
- still lots of non-conformists, Charles overestimated the number - tolerance perhaps unnecessary?
- fears of Catholicism - Charles surrounded by Catholics, his mother & wife
- James (brother of Charles & poss heir) converted to Catholicism
- tolerant church denied by parliament
- dutch defeat, plague, fire of london began theory of catholic conspiracy
- SDI included toleration for catholics even sympatjisers w/ the dissenters opposed, financial iseeues caused him to recall (1673)
- All public office holders had to swear allegiance to Anglican church
- Success
- Foreign Policy
- Success
- After Test Act making all office holders swear on Anglican bible & getting rid of many officers, Charles appointed Thomas Osbourne Earl Danby (v Anglican)
- Pushed for pro-protestant foreign policy after years of seemingly 'pro-French'
- After 2nd Dutch war, didnt need to be involved
- After Test Act making all office holders swear on Anglican bible & getting rid of many officers, Charles appointed Thomas Osbourne Earl Danby (v Anglican)
- Failures
- Dutch defeat, humiliating 1667
- Great pague 1665 & Fire london 1666
- Charles' brother James converted to Catholicism, didn't receive communion @ Easter - suspicion of him being 'pro-French'
- Relied on parliament for simple expenses so couldnt pursue any active forgein policy w/o parliaments backing
- Refused to invade france to protect Holland, Charles couldnt due to private treaty of Dover, cofirmed his catholic leanings
- Success
- Charles royal prerogative and relationship w/ parl
- Sucess
- abandoned Clarendon as aw him as a liability, he did organise parliament
- Pardoned Danby & agreed to 5 year imprisonemnt in tower of London
- Policies proactive
- Failures
- Chalres ineherently lazy & not prepared to work through issues of Charles mistresses
- CABAL ministry feel 1673/74
- Forced by parl in 1672 to accept the Test Act
- parl wanted to extend period of service of militia - infringed Charles right to dismiss the militia at will
- Triennial Act 1664 - demonstrated that parl hadnt thought it was necessary to make provision for the possibility that they wouldnt meet within specified 3yrs
- King distrustful towards subjects, interrupted their advice as dissatisfied or disruption
- Sucess
- Finance
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