B1.1 - Keeping Healthy
- Created by: alishamunson
- Created on: 24-02-17 16:42
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- B1.1 - Keeping Healthy
- 1.1
- A balanced diet includes everything needed to keep the body healthy.
- In the energy taken in is less than the energy used, the person will use mass.
- Exercise increases the metabolic rate which means that the chemical reactions in cells work faster.
- 1.2
- If you take in more energy than you need, you mass will increase.
- Obesity can lead to health problems such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
- People who take in too little energy can become anorexic.
- 1.3
- Your metabolic rate and cholesterol level can be inherited.
- You need 'good' cholesterol for your cell membranes and to make vital substances.
- 'Bad' cholesterol can lead to heart disease.
- Regular exercise can increase a person's metabolic rate and lower high cholesterol levels.
- 1.4
- Pathogens are microorganis-ms that cause infectious disease.
- Most pathogens are either bacteria or viruses.
- Pathogens reproduce rapidly in the body and can produce toxins.
- Viruses reproduce in cells and damage them.
- Washing hands removes pathogens from them. Semmelweiss was the first doctor ro realise this.
- Pathogens are microorganis-ms that cause infectious disease.
- 1.5
- The skin prevents pathogens from getting in.
- Pathogens are trapped by mucus and killed by stomach acid.
- White blood cells are part of the immune system. They do three things:
- They can ingest pathogens (they digest and destroy them).
- They produce antibodies to help destroy particular pathogens.
- They produce antitoxins to counteract the toxins that pathogens produce.
- The skin prevents pathogens from getting in.
- 1.6
- Antibiotics kill infective bacteria in the body.
- Some medicines may relieve symptoms of a disease but not kill the pathogens
- Antibiotics cure bacterial diseases by killing the bacteria inside your body.
- Antibiotics cannot destroy viruses.
- Viruses are difficult to destroy because they reproduce inside body cells.
- 1.7
- Bacteria can be grown on agar jelly.
- All materials and equipment must be sterilised so that unwanted microorganis-ms do not infect the culture.
- Bacteria can be grown on agar jelly.
- 1.8
- If a pathogen changes by mutation the new strain may spread rapidly.
- Some new strains can cause epidemics and pandemics.
- Epidemic - disease spread within a country
- Pandemic - disease spread across countries.
- Some new strains can cause epidemics and pandemics.
- Some bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics by natural selection.
- If a pathogen changes by mutation the new strain may spread rapidly.
- 1.9
- A wide range of vaccines are given to immunise people against disease.
- Vaccines contain dead or inactive pathogens.
- Vaccines can protect against bacterial and viral pathogens.
- Vaccines encourage white blood cells to produce antibodies that destroy pathogens.
- Vaccines can protect against bacterial and viral pathogens.
- 1.10
- The treatment of disease has changed as our understanding of antibiotics and immunity has increased.
- 1.1
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