to maintain a healthy diet, you need to eat the correct balance of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibre, vitamins, minerals, water and energy
carbohydrates, proteins and fats allow the body to release energy and build cells
minerals and vitamins are needed in small amounts for a healthy functioning body
if their diet is not balanced, a person may become malnourished, and this can lead to
them becoming underweight or overweight
deficiency diseases, eg. scurvy or type 2 diabetes
Exercise:
exercise increases the amount of energy expended by the body
mass is lost if the energy expended through exercise is more than the energy consumed
Metabolic Rate:
the metabolic rate is the rate at which all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out
this varies with the amount of exercise you do, and the proportion of fat to muscle
1 of 4
B1.1- Keeping Healthy
Bacteria and Viruses:
microorganisms that cause infectious diseases are called pathogens
there are two types of pathogens
bacteria, which are very small, reproduce very quickly, can produce toxins that make us ill, and cause tetanus, cholera an tuberculosis
viruses, which are even smaller, reproduce very quickly once inside living cells ( which are then damaged ), can produce toxins that make us I'll, and cause colds, flu and measles
Defence against Pathogens:
white blood cells form part of the body's immune system, and fight infection by
ingesting pathogens
producing antitoxins
producing antibodies
Treatment of Disease:
although painkillers are useful, they don't kill pathogens
2 of 4
B1.1- Keeping Healthy
Antibiotics:
antibiotics ( such as penicillin ) are often used to kill bacteria inside the body
specific antibiotics = specific bacteria
cannot kill viruses
difficult to develop drugs that destroy viruses without damaging the body's tissues
Overuse of Antibiotics:
overuse can lead to resistance
resistance happens when bacteria mutate to produce a new resistant strain
Vaccination:
a person can squire immunity through vaccination, this is the process
inactive/ dead pathogen infected into body
white blood cells produce antibodies to destroy pathogen
Comments
Report