13. Emotional control
- Created by: Amy Parkinson
- Created on: 19-04-15 16:22
View mindmap
- Emotional control
- The optimal point of arousal is never the same for any 2 individuals
- 3 variables interact to cause individual variations in the optimal point of arousal:
- 1. Personality: extroverts=high arousal, introverts=low arousal
- Introverts have a very sensitive Reticular Activation System which increases their tendency towards anxiety
- Extroverts tend to seek the stimulation of the RAS when more highly aroused
- 2. Complexity of task: simple tasks= habitual with wide margin for error, complex tasks= more perceptual with less room for error
- Simple skills are best when performed at high arousal and complex skills are best when performed at low arousal
- 3. Level of ability: autonomous= best performers at high arousal, cognitive= best performers at low arousal
- 1. Personality: extroverts=high arousal, introverts=low arousal
- Anxiety and performance
- Anxiety is a negative emotional state associated with feelings of worry and nervousness relating to activation or arousal
- Anxiety is considered to be an unpleasant state of high arousal
- There are 2 forms of anxiety:
- Cognitive: thought component associated with worry and fear of poor performance
- Somatic: physical component associated with physical symptoms of high arousal like increased heart rate. This is triggered by cognitive anxiety
- There is also a second dimension relating to the stability of anxiety
- State anxiety is a person's immediate condition of anxiety in a certain situation
- Trait anxiety is a general disposition and is part of personality. It is therefore stable and determines the degree of state anxiety
- Stress
- Stress is the trigger that stimulates increases in arousal and anxiety
- Stress typically occurs when a performer meets a challenge of serious consequence with which they feel they cannot cope
- The 'stressor' is the source of anxiety
- Long-term stress must be prevented as it will have negative effects on health
- However, the stimulus of stress in the short-term and the subsequent onset of arousal and anxiety can be beneficial to performance in sport
- Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)
- HANIN
- He proposed there are individual differences in the way people respond to anxiety
- He concluded that a general relationship between anxiety and performance did not exist but each athlete actually has their own preferred level of anxiety
- The preferred level of arousal is not shown as an optimal point but rather a band width
- Athletes are simply within or outside of their ZOF
- RANDLE & WEINBURG
- In general team players generally have a preference for a lower IZOF
- Peak Flow
- CSIKZSENTMIHALYI
- The quality of skill is achieved when the performer is fully focussed and controlled and is being intrinsically rewarded by the movement performance
- In this situation they feel greatest happiness and self-fulfillment
- He named this rarely experienced holistic sensation 'peak flow experience'
- MARTENS
- Peak flow experience is most likely to occur when high somatic arousal coincides with low cognitive arousal
- Factors facilitating peak flow
- Anxiety
- Concentration
- Attention style
- Confidence
- Goal-setting
- Environmental conditions
- Leadership
- Group cohesion
- Anxiety management techniques
- 2 types:
- Somatic
- Cognitive
- The athlete must be helped to develop self-awareness of the level of arousal or anxiety at which they perform best
- Somatic anxiety management techniques:
- Biofeedback
- Progressive muscular relaxation
- Cognitive anxiety management techniques
- Imagery
- Thought stopping
- Positive self-talk
- Rational thinking
- 2 types:
Similar Physical Education resources:
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made