The tendency to form attachments is innate. This tendency is presented in both infant and mother
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What does the learning theory suggest?
Infants have no innate tendency to form attachments. They learn attachments because of food.
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The Ethologists
Biologists who study animal behaviour in the natural environment. An ehtologist called Lorenz was interested in how young animals attach to their mothers.
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Konrad Lorenz, An ethologist
Carried out an experiement in two conditions, C1 he was the first moving object seen by goose chicks after they hatched. C2 the mother goose was the 1st moved object seen after they had hatched.
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What did lorenz find out?
C1 chicks followed him as if he was their mother. When they were adults, they performed mating displays to him, and ignored other geese. C2 the chicks followed their mother when born and performed mating rituals to other geese.
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Bowlby- Adaptive
Attachments are adaptive, they give our species an 'adaptive advantage' making us more likely to survive, this is because if an infant has an attachment to a caregiver, they are kept safe, given food and kept warm etc...
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Bowlby- Social Releasers
Babies have social releasers whcih unlock the innate tendency of adults to care for them. These social releasers are both Physical; the typical baby face features and body proportions and Behavioural; crying, cooing.
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Bowlby- Critical Period
Babies have to form the attachment with their caregiver during a critical period (between birth and 2 1/2 ) Bowlby said that if this didnt happen, the child would be damaged for life, socially, emotionally, intellectually and physically.
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Bowlby- Monotropy
Bowlby believed that infants form one very special attachment witht heir mother. This is called Monotropy, if the mother isnt available, the infant could bond with another ever-present adult, mother-substitute.
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Bowlby- Internal Working Model
Through the monotropic attachment, the infant would form an Internal Working Model. This is a special mental schema for relationships. All the childs future about relationships will be based on this.
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Strengths of Bowlby's theories of attachment
1, It's the major theory of attachment 2, Generates a great deal of research 3, Huge impact on the emotional care of young children
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Limitations of Bowlby's theories of attachment
1, Does not explain why some children are able to cope with poor attachment experiences when young but others suffer long-term consequences 2, We are just producing arguments based on assumptions.
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Self-esteem
What individuals think and feel about themselves.
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Low self-esteem
People can become passive, withdrawn and depressed. Have difficulty in dealing with problems, are very self-critical and speack negatively about themselves.
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Self-image
The way we see ourselves.
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Self-concept
Our position in the world, what we believe we're good at and bad at.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the evolutionary theory suggest?
Back
The tendency to form attachments is innate. This tendency is presented in both infant and mother
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