The water and carbon cycle

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  • Created by: Elsmin
  • Created on: 02-02-23 10:43
what is a system ?
An assemblage of interrelated parts that work together by some driving force
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what is an input ?
a point where somethings added into the system
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Define a store/component
where something is held
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define a flow/transfer
A link between a store/component in which something moves
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Define dynamic equilibrium
Equal inputs and outputs
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what happens if dynamic equilibrium is interrupted ?
Feedback is created
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define negative feedback
the effects of an action is nullified or reduced by its subsequent knock on effects
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define positive feedback
the effects of an action are amplified/multiplied by its subsequent knock on effects
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what percent of the total global water is fresh (not saline)
2.5%
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What is the largest store of fresh water
Glaciers and ice caps (70%)
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define the Lithosphere
Solid outer part of the earth containing all the solid rocks
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What is an example of a water store in the Lithosphere ?
Aquifer
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what percentage of global water is stored in the Lithosphere
2%
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Define the atmosphere
The envelope of gasses surrounding a planet
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Name a store of water in the atmosphere
waters stored in clouds as water vapor
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what percentage of global water is stored in the atmosphere ?
0.001%
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define the hydrosphere
contains all of the terrestrial water
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Name 3 stores of water in the Hydrosphere
Rivers, Marshes, Glaciers ,reservoirs ,lakes
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What percentage of the global water is found in the Hydrosphere
96%
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Define the cryosphere
Contains the frozen parts of the earth
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Name 3 stores of water in the cryosphere
permafrost, glaciers, ice caps
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define the biosphere
contains all the life found on our planet
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list some water stores in the biosphere
vegetation, organic soil matter, vegetation
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what are the changing states of water
Evaporation, condensation, freezing , melting , sublimation
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define humidity
amount of water vapor in a parcel of air at any given time
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define absolute humidity
mass of water vapor in an air mass (g/m3)
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define relative humidity
The amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature compared to the amount that could be held in the air
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define dew point
the shift from warm air to cool air
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describe convectional rainfall
The sun heats the ground, Warm air rises, it reaches dew point, forms a cloud around a cloud nuclei, causing precipitation
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describe relief rainfall
warm air hits the bottom of a mountain and rises forming a cloud around a cloud nuclei causing precipitation, on the opposite side of the mountain a rain shadow forms
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describe frontal rainfall
warm air and cold air meet the warm air rises and it becomes a cloud at dew point causing precipitation
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List 5 transfers of water
surface run off, percolation, rivers, ground flow, infiltration, stem flow, precipitation, evapotranspiration
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List 5 anthropogenic impacts on transfers of water
Deforestation, urbanization, climate change, agriculture, afforestation
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List 6 physical/natural impacts on transfers of water
weather, relief , ground density, seasons, location, Natural events, animals migrating,
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define through flow
movement of water down through the soil
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define the water balance
the difference between the inputs and outputs of water and the subsequent change in storage
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what is a positive water balance ?
the amount of precipitation exceeds run off and evapotranspiration (increasing amount of water being stored in a system)
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define a negative water balance
amount of water stored in a system decreases, precipitation and evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation
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what will a flashy hydrograph look like ?
short lag time, Higher peak discharge, steeper rising limb
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describe what a subdued hydrograph looks like
longer lag time, Lower peak discharge, shallower rising limb
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list 6 physical factors that cause flashy hydrographs
smaller drainage basin, steep slope angles, prior rainfall, impermeable rock, little vegetation, intense percipitation
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List 3 anthropogenic factors resulting in flash hydrographs
deforestation, Urban areas, Flood management
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List 3 anthropogenic factors that result in subdues hydrographs
afforestation, flood management, water abstraction
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what is a river regime ?
the variability in the rivers discharge throughout the year in response to, precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration and drainage basin characteristics
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Anthropogenic causes of changes in the water cycle (list 5)
deforestation, afforestation, urbanization, farming , urban greening
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Name 4 physical causes of changes in the water cycle
seasons, extreme weather, Natural hazards, storm events
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define leaching
removal of nutrients from the soil due to soil flooding
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where is the Eden river located
North west of England, source Pennines, Mouth Solway firth
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when was storm Desmond
December 2015
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is an input ?

Back

a point where somethings added into the system

Card 3

Front

Define a store/component

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

define a flow/transfer

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define dynamic equilibrium

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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