The Nature of Memory

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What is the duration of STM and LTM?
STM: 18 seconds LTM: Few mins to a lifetime
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What is the capacity of STM and LTM?
STM: 7+/- 2 chunks LTM: Limitless
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What is the coding of STM and LTM?
STM: Acoustic LTM: Semantic
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How was the coding of STM found?
Acoustic confusion errors - rhyming letters harder to recall than non-rhyming
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How was the capacity of STM measured?
Immediate digit span - list of digits read to Ps who have to repeat them straight back in same order, sequence at which they are correct 50% of time is the digit span, chunking combines letters into meaningful units
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How was the duration of STM measured?
Trigram experiment - Ps remembered nonsense syllables of 3 consonants, then given interference task to stop rehearsal, then asked to recall after different times, when recall was very good after 3s(80%) after 18secs it was 10%
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How was the coding of LTM tested?
Ps given lists of words to remember, after 20 mins recall of lists containing words of similar meaning were more difficult to recall than words of non-similar meaning
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How was the duration of LTM tested?
Year book study - 392 Americans aged 17-74, tested on free recall, photo recognition, name recognition, name and photo matching, 90% in face+name recog, after 48yrs this was 80% for names and 40% for faces, free recall 60% accurate after 15 years
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What is the conclusion of the year book study?
Classmates rarely forgotten when recognition clues are given
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What is a strength of lab based research?
High control of EVs, cause and effect can be inferred
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What is a weakness of lab based research?
Strings of consonants are not used in real life in which meaningful info is remembered+may lack ecological validity
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What EV can often happen in lab based research like this?
Demand characteristics - spefically ask Ps to remember single words+letters, may lack internal validity
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A strength of the yearbook study?
Uses memory for classmates and thus is an example of how memory is used in real life
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However, what is a problem of this study?
May not be representative of all types of memory, memory for faces may be special type of memory due to evolutionary benefits
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Methodological problem of the study?
High control was not possible, researchers couldn't control how often Ps saw ex-classmates, high recall may be due to frequent rehearsal
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Card 2

Front

What is the capacity of STM and LTM?

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STM: 7+/- 2 chunks LTM: Limitless

Card 3

Front

What is the coding of STM and LTM?

Back

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Card 4

Front

How was the coding of STM found?

Back

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Card 5

Front

How was the capacity of STM measured?

Back

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