Psychopathology studies
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- Created by: asusre
- Created on: 03-05-21 22:42
What study proposed the criteria for failing to function?
Rosenhan and Seligman (1989) decided on seven criteria for ‘failing to function’.
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What study proposed the criteria of ideal mental health?
Jahoda (1958) identified criteria of ‘Ideal Mental Health’ which needed to be met in order to be psychologically healthy.
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Which study found concordance rates between MZ and DZ twins for OCD?
Nestadt et al (2010) found that 68% of identical twins shared OCD as opposed to 31% of non-identical twins.
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What candidate gene for OCD involves serotonin?
SERT genes, also called 5-HTT, affect the transportation of serotonin. A mutation of SERT genes may be involved with OCD.
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What study found that OCD is polygenic?
Taylor (2013) found that up to 230 different genes may be involved in OCD.
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What candidate gene for OCD involves dopamine?
The COMT gene regulates the production of dopamine. One form of the COMT gene has been found to be more common in OCD patients than people without the disorder.
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What study supports the genetic explanation of OCD?
Nestadt et al (2010) found that 68% of identical twins shared OCD as opposed to 31% of non-identical twins.
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What study investigated the effect of trauma on OCD?
Cromer et al. (2007) found that over half the OCD patients in their sample had a traumatic event in their past and OCD was more severe in those with more than one trauma.
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What study supports the neural explanation of OCD?
Fineberg et al. (2017) used fMRI scanners to compare activity in the brain between people with OCD and controls and found that OCD sufferers had greater activity in their frontal cortex when anticipating an electric shock compared to a control group.
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What study supports the effectiveness of SSRIs?
Soomro et al (2009) found that 70% of patients with OCD find SSRIs effective in reducing their symptoms.
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What research supports the effectiveness of SSRIs in treating OCD?
Soomro et al (2009) found that 70% of patients with OCD find SSRIs effective in reducing their symptoms.
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What is the issue with studies which support the effectiveness of SSRIs?
According to Goldacre (2013), researchers are biased as they are sponsored by drug companies and may selectively publish positive outcomes for the drugs their sponsors are selling.
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Which study supports the effectiveness of non-biological treatments for OCD?
Skapinakis et al (2016) found that both cognitive and behavioural exposure therapies were more effective than SSRIs in the treatment of OCD.
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What study proposed the behaviourist explanation of phobias, and what is it?
Mowrer (1960) proposed the two-process model to explain phobias. Phobias are acquired by classical conditioning, and maintained by operant conditioning.
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What case study shows how classical conditioning accounts for the acquisition of phobias?
Watson and Rayner (1920) conditioned a phobia in a baby called 'Little Albert'.
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What research supports the role of traumatic experiences in the development of phobias?
Jongh et. al (2006) found that 73% of people with a fear of dental treatment had experienced a traumatic experience (most with dentistry, some with violent crime).
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What study shows that not all traumatic experiences lead to the development of phobias?
Di Nardo et al (1988) showed that not everyone who has been bitten by dogs goes on to develop a phobia of dogs.
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What research supports the effectiveness of systematic desensitisation?
Gilroy et al (2003) found that a group of 42 people who had been treated with systematic desensitisation for arachnophobia were less fearful of spiders than a control group after both three and 33 months.
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What research supports the use of systematic desensitisation for social phobias and agoraphobia?
Wechsler et al (2019) concluded that systematic desensitisation is effective for specific phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia.
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What study found that VR exposure may be less effective than real exposure for social phobias?
Wechsler et al (2019) suggests that VR exposure may be less effective than real exposure for social phobias because it lacks realism.
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What study supports the effectiveness of flooding?
Wolpe (1960) used flooding to remove a phobia of cars. A girl was forced into a car and driven around for four hours until her phobia of cars was eradicated.
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What study found that therapists and clients do not favour flooding?
Schumacher et al (2015) found that participants and therapists rated flooding as significantly more stressful than systematic desensitisation.
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What study shows that flooding may cause symptom substitution?
Persons (1986) reported a case of symptom substitution where a client’s phobia of death declined when treated using flooding, but her fear of being criticised got worse.
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What are the two cognitive explanations of depression?
Ellis' (1962) ABC model and Beck's (1967) negtive triad.
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What research supports Beck's (1967) negative triad?
Cohen et al. (2019) tracked the development of 473 adolescents, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression. They found that those who were judged as highly cognitively vulnerable were more likely to develop depression.
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What study supports the effectiveness of CBT?
March et al. (2007) compared the effects of CBT with anti-depressant drugs and a combination of the two in 327 adolescents. After 36 weeks, improvements were seen in 81% of the CBT group, 81% of the anti-depressant group and 86% in the CBT with anti-depre
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What study suggests that psychotherapy is not suitable for people with learning disabilities?
Sturmey (2005) suggests that any psychotherapy, including CBT, is not suitable for people with learning disabilities.
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What review concluded that CBT was as effective as antidepressant drugs and behavioural therapies for severe depression?
Lewis and Lewis (2016) concluded that CBT was as effective as antidepressant drugs and behavioural therapies for severe depression.
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What review concluded that CBT, when used appropriately, is effective for people with learning disabilities?
Taylor et al. (2008) concluded that CBT, when used appropriately, is effective for people with learning disabilities.
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What study found that the effectiveness of CBT is related to the competence of the practitioner?
Kuyken and Tsivrikos (2009) found that 15% variation in effectiveness of CBT can be attributed to the therapist’s skill.
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What study found that CBT has high relapse rates?
Ali et al. (2017) found, by assessing clients for a year following a course of CBT, 42% relapsed into depression within 6 months and 53% relapsed within a year.
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What study found that depressed people do not prefer CBT?
Yrondi et al. (2015) found that depressed people rated CBT as their least preferred psychological therapy.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What study proposed the criteria of ideal mental health?
Back
Jahoda (1958) identified criteria of ‘Ideal Mental Health’ which needed to be met in order to be psychologically healthy.
Card 3
Front
Which study found concordance rates between MZ and DZ twins for OCD?
Back
Card 4
Front
What candidate gene for OCD involves serotonin?
Back
Card 5
Front
What study found that OCD is polygenic?
Back
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