Pe Theory

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  • Created by: hanlc3006
  • Created on: 06-12-16 19:07
What are the 11 main muscles
Bicep, Quadricep, calves, tricep, hamstring, abdominals, gluteals, pectorals, trapezium, gastrocnemius, latissimus dorsi
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what are the types of movements at joints
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation
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What is the definition of health
a state of complete mental, physical, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
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what is the definition of exercise
a form of physical activity done to maintain/improve health or physical health, it is not competitive sport
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what is the function of the skeletal system
movement; where bones meet they form joints which act as levers. support; Bones give the body shape allowing us to hold a variety of positions. protection; bones protect vital organs
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what is a joint
a place where 2 or more bones meet
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name 2 types of freely moveable joints
ball and socket and hinge
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how to muscles work
isometric; muscle contraction = increases tension but the length does not alter. Isotonic; muscle contraction that results in limb movement
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what are the most common injuries
tears, pulls and strains
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what is atrophy
if a performer stops training their muscles will slowly return to their normal size
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what are antagonistic pairs
voluntary muscles which either contract or relax. The prime mover is agonist and the secondary mover is antagonist
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what are the types of body structures and what are their key characteristics
Mesomorph; wide shoulders, narrow hips e.g.sprinting, weight lifting, boxing. Ectomorph;narrow hips and shoulders e.g.long distance running, high jump. Endomorph;wide hips, narrow shoulders e.g.shot putt, sumo wrestling, some positions in Rugby
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Name an aim of one initiatives
increase participation, retain people, create opportunity e.g.sport England, National governing bodies
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what are some of the personal qualities in sport
cooperation, competition, physical challenge, aesthetic appreciation
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what is PAR-Q
physical activity readiness questionnaire. it is designed to identify any potential health problems that mean physical exercise would not be recommended
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what are the principle of trainings
progressive overload,specificity, rest and recovery, reversibility
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what does heart rate mean
the number of times the heart beat per minute
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stroke volume
the amount of blood leaving the heart each beat
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systolic blood pressure
the pressure when blood is being pumped out of the heart
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the immediate effects on the cardiovascular system
increase in heart rate, stroke volume and systolic blood pressure
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what is the benefit of an increase in heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure on the cardiovascular system
increased oxygen delivery and increased removal of carbon dioxide. increased blood flow and therefore increased oxygen delivery.
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what are the adaptions from regular exercise on the cardiovascular system
increase in size and strength of the heart (cardiac hypertrophy). increased stroke volume (amount of blood leaving the heart each beat)
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what are the long term effects on the cardiovascular system
lower resting heart rate, increased maximum cardiac output during exercise, faster recovery heart rate, increased number of red blood cells
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what is cardiac output
it is the amount of blood leaving the heart per minute. increase heart rate and stoke volume will increase cardiac output
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what are the immediate effects on the respiratory system
increase in breathing rate, increase in depth of breathing, increase in removal of carbon dioxide, increase in the amount of oxygen taken into the lungs each breath.
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what is oxygen debt
this is the extra amount of oxygen required after anaerobic exercise, compared with the amount normally needed when at rest
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what are the long tern adaptions on the respiratory system from regular exercise
increased number of alveoli, increased strength of intercostal muscles and diaphragm and increased lung volume
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what is the definition of total lung capacity
the total volume of air in your lungs after you biggest breathe in
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what is the definition of tidal volume
during normal breathing, the total amount breathed in and out in one cycle
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what is the definition of vital capacity
the maximum you can forcibly breathe in and out
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what is SMART target
specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time bound
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what does FITT stand for
frequency, intensity, time, type
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what is circuit training
it involves a chain of different activities that can be selected to suit individual or activity requirements
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flexion...
bending/closing a joint
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extension...
straightening/opening a joint
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abduction...
a sideways movement of a limb aways from the centre line of the body
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adduction...
a sideways movement of a limb towards the centre line of the body
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rotation...
turning a limb clockwise or anti-clockwise
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bicep...
fleet the arm at the elbow
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quadricep...
extend the leg at the knee
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calves...
pointing the toes
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tricep...
extend the arm at the elbow
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hamstring...
flex the leg at the knee
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abdominals...
flex the trunk across the stomach
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gluteals...
adduct and extend leg at the hips
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pectoral...
adduct the arm at the shoulders
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trapezius...
holds the shoulder and move head
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gastrocnemius...
point the toes
48 of 50
latissimus dorsi
abduct and extend the arm at the shoulder
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what are the benefits of physical activity
it can be mental, physical and social
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what are the types of movements at joints

Back

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation

Card 3

Front

What is the definition of health

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is the definition of exercise

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the function of the skeletal system

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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