GCSE P.E EDEXCEL

Created by: Livviexoxo
Created on: 20-04-14 11:42

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GCSE P.E
- Benefits of participating in physical activities
  - Social
    - fun and enjoyment
    - meet people
    - stimulates co-operation and teamwork
    - Make friends
  - Physical.Health
    - Contributes to good physical health
    - Improve Body shape - loose weight
    - Improves Fitness
    - Provides a physical challenge
    - Provides Health related Fitness
  - Mental or Psycological
    - helps you feel good
    - mental cahllenge
    - Increases self confidence
    - relieves aggression
    - Relaxation
    - relieves stress
- Key Influences for participating in sport
  - Resources
    - ACCESS facilities, public transport, parking
    - AVAILABILITY resources and facilities
    - LOCATION will determine which sports to participate in
    - TIME having time to participate
  - Culture
    - Age
    - Gender
    - Disability
    - Race
  - Health and well being
    - ILLNESS unable to participate on a temporary basis
    - HEALTH PROBLEMS may prevent and limit choices
    - people play sport as a way of STAYING HEALTHY
  - Image
    - FASHION branding is very influential through famous people
    - MEDIA COVERAGE Olympics, Wimbledon tennis
  - Socio- economic
    - COST some activities are more expensive than others
  - People
    - ROLE MODELS people you admire. Teachers, Coaches, Sports Stars
    - PEERS show support
    - FAMILY may play a sport
- Components of Skill Related Fitness
  - REACTION TIME
    - The time between the presentation of a stimulus (normally sound) and the onset of movement.
  - SPEED
    - The differential rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time
  - BALANCE
    - The ability to retain the center of gravity of the body above the bass of support with reference to static or dynamic conditions of movement, shape and orientation.
  - CO-ORDINATION
    - The ability to use two or more body parts together.
  - AGILITY
    - The ability to change the position of the body quickly and to control the movement of the whole body.
  - POWER
    - The ability to undertake strength performances quickly. POWER = STRENGTH X SPEED.
- Components of Health Related Fitness
  - FLEXIBILITY
    - Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint.
  - BODY COMPOSITION
    - Body composition is the percentage of body weight(fat), muscle and bone.
  - MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
    - Muscular Endurance is the ability to use muscles many times without getting tired.
  - MUSCULAR STRENGTH
    - Muscular Strength is the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance.
  - CARDIO-VASCULAR FITNESS
    - Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time.
- Reasons for participation in Physical Activities
  - DEVELOPING FRIENDSHIPS
    - Taking part in sport at school or club means involvement with other people, whether this is participants, coaches, trainers or officials. Many clubs have a strong social side and present opportunities for social mixing.
  - PHYSICAL CHALLENGE
    - Coming back to sport after an injury or as an adult resuming an activity.
    - Starting a new sport or activity never attempted before.
    - Taking part in a marathon is often a Physical Challenge which is never forgotten if completed.
  - COMPETITION
    - The element of competition is often regarded as a Psycological (mental) preparation necessary to complete and help as a release from the stresses or everyday life;
  - COOPERATION
    - Many sports are played in teams. Working with your team mates or in groups helps to improve teamwork and co-operation, which are often necessary in everyday life.
  - AESTHETIC APPRECIATION
    - Moments in sport are sometimes beautiful, although this aspect of sport may not be appreciated as much as winning.
    - Beauty may be seen in a twisting somersault dive, a winning shot or a delicate chip in golf. Sports such as ice dance and rhythmic gym are very beautiful.
- Principles of Training
  - INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
    - Matching training to the requirements of an indiviual
  - REST
    - the period of time allocated to recovery
  - SPECIFICITY
    - matching training to to the requirements of an activity
  - RECOVERY
    - the time required for the repair of damage to the body caused by training or competition
  - PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD
    - to gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but Without potential injury
  - F.I.T.T
    - Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type. (used to increase the amount of work the body does in order to achieve overload
  - REVERSIBILITY
    - any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be reversed when you stop training.
- Exercise, Health, Fitness and Performance
  - EXERCISE improves HEALTH and develops FITNESS, which enhances PERFORMANCE in physical activities.
    - FITNESS
      - "the ability to meet the demands of the environment
    - HEALTH
      - "the state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmary."
    - EXERCISE
      - "is a form of physical activity which maintains or improves health and/or physical fitness."
    - PERFORMANCE
      - "How well a task is completed"
- S.M.A.R.T Targets
  - Measurable
    - means that it will be easy to know when a goal has been achieved. The goal of running 200m extra in the Cooper run is clearly measurable.
  - Achievable
    - Running 2oom further in the Cooper run after 6 weeks training may well be achievable. Running a 26 mile marathon after 6 weeks of training is unlikely to be achievable.
  - Specific
    - means knowing exactly what the goal is. e.g, an overall goal might be "i want to be fitter" but that is not very specific. An example of a specific goal for someone who wants to be fitter would be, "i want to be able to run 200m further in the Cooper Run"
  - Realistic
    - A goal may well be achievable in theory but if it is to be achieved, it is necessary to have time and resources to complete it. e.g, "i want to get stronger biceps by being able to curl an additional 2Kg after 2 weeks of training" may be achievable but if the GYM is not open at suitable times, it may not be very realistic.
  - Time-bound
    - Does the goal have an end point? If not, it is easy to put off achieving it indefinitely! Personal Exercise Programs (P.E.P's) run for 6 weeks so are time-bound, as the goals set have to be achieved within six weeks.
- Methods Of Training
  - CIRCUIT
    - involves performing a series of exercises in a special order called a circuit. Each activity takes place at a 'station'. It can be designed to improve speed, agility, coordination, balance and muscular endurance.
  - FARTLEK
    - or 'speed play' training involves varying your speed and the type of terrain over which you run, walk, cycle or ski. It improves aerobic and anaerobic fitness.
  - WEIGHT
    - uses weights to provide resistance to the muscles. It improves muscular strength (high weight, low reps), muscular endurance (low weight, high reps, many sets) and power (medium weight and reps performed quickly).
  - CONTINUOUS
    - involves working for a sustained period of time without rest. It improves cardio-vascular fitness.
  - CROSS
    - involves using another sport or activity to improve your fitness. It happens when an athlete trains in a different environment. For example a volleyball player uses the power training for that sport to help with fitness for long jump
  - INTERVAL
    - involves alternating between periods of hard exercise and rest. It improves speed and muscular endurance.