Two or more atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge
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Avogadro's Constant
Number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12
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Mole
The amount of substance which contains Avogadro's constant of atoms, molecules or groups of ions
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Molar Mass
The mass of one mole of a substance
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Anhydrous (salt)
A salt which contains no water of crystallisation
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Hydrated (salt)
A salt which contains water of crystallisation
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Water of Crystallisation
Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in (the nucleus of) an atom
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Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in (the nucleus of) an atom
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Relative Atomic Mass
The average mass of an atom of an element relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Relative Isotopic Mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Isotopes
Atoms which have the same atomic number but a different mass number
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Relative Formula Mass
The average mass of a formula unit relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Relative Molecular Mass
The average mass of a molecule relative to one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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First Ionisation Energy
The energy required to convert one moles of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge
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Second Ionisation Energy
The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge into gaseous ions with a double positive charge
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Third Ionisation Energy
The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge into gaseous ions with a triple positive charge
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Covalent bond
The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
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Co-ordinate (Dative) Bond
A shared pair of electrons between two atoms. One atom provides both electrons
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Octet Rule
When reacting, an atom tends to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve eight in its outer shell
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Electronegativity
The extent to which an atom attracts the bonding electrons in a covalent bond
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Polar Bond
A covalent bond in which there is an unequal sharing of the bonding electrons
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Delocalised Electrons
Outer electrons do not have a fixed position but move freely
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Intermolecular
Between neighbouring molecules
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Van der Waals' forces
The attraction between instantaneous and induced dipoles on neighbouring molecules
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Permanent Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Attraction between the positive end, δ+, of the permanent dipole on a molecule with the negative end, δ-, of the permanent dipole of a neighbouring molecule
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Hydrogen Bond
The attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a very electronegative atom (N,O,F) in one molecule and a hydrogen atom in a neighbouring, in which the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom (N,O,F)
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Redox
Oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction
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Oxidation
Loss of electrons/ increase in oxidation state
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Reduction
Gain of electrons/ decrease in oxidation state
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Oxidising Agent
Electron acceptor
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Reducing Agent
Electron Donor
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Disproportionation
Oxidation and reduction of the same element in the same reaction
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Strong acid/base
Fully dissociates in solution
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Weak acid/base
Partially dissociates in solution
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Molarity
Concentration in mol dm^-3 expressed using M
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Concentration
Number of moles or mass present in a stated volume
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Standard Solution
A solution for which the concentration is known
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12
Back
Avogadro's Constant
Card 3
Front
The amount of substance which contains Avogadro's constant of atoms, molecules or groups of ions
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