Inflammation

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____________ is a reaction where then fluid and leukocytes from the blood move to the extravascular tissue
Inflammation
1 of 59
Inflammation is the body's _________ response to damage, such as pain, injury etc
Immediate
2 of 59
One important inflammatory molecule is ______ which is stored inside mast cells
Histamine
3 of 59
Inflammation is the body's attempt to restore ________
Homeostasis
4 of 59
A prolonged inflammatory response may be _______ to the host
Bad
5 of 59
Stimuli such as chemicals ______ activate an inflammatory response
Will
6 of 59
There are ____ cardinal signs of inflammation
5
7 of 59
Redness, Swelling, Heat, Pain and __________ are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
Function laesa
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_________ is known as an excessive build up of fluid in the tissues
Oedema
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________ results from oedema
Swelling
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Chemical mediators such as bradykinin cause __________
Pain
11 of 59
Recognition that the body is injured or invaded
Initiation
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Activation of soluble mediators and cellular inflammatory systems
Amplification
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Inhibition of inflammatory mediators occurs after the threat has been eradicated
Termination
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Acute inflammation is __________
Short term
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Most of the time, this results in healing
Acute inflammation
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Tissue destruction and attempts at repair are signs of
Chronic inflammation
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Five main events occur during acute inflammation, the first is ________
Vasodilation
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Five main events occur during acute inflammation, the second is _______
Increased vascular permeability
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Five main events occur during acute inflammation, the third is ________
Activation of endothelial cells
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Five main events occur during acute inflammation, the fourth is __________
Production of chemotactic factors
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Increased vascular permeability means
Increasing the permeability to allow cells, fluid and proteins to move into the interstitial spaces
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Neutrophils secrete factors that _____________
Kill and degrade pathogens
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Macrophages secrete cytokines that ____________
Attract immune system cells and tissue repair cells
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Both neutrophils and macrophages remove pathogens by _______________
Phagocytosis
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Histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins and nitric oxide are all
Vasoactive mediators
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Chemokines, C5a and lipocygenase products are all
Chemotactic factors
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Mast cells and ___________ are able to release potent inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, proteases, chemotactic factors, cytokines and metabolites of arachidonic acid
Basophils
28 of 59
Biogenic amine
Histamine
29 of 59
__________ acts on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, leading to vasodilation and an increase in vascular permeability, and redness and swelling
Histamine
30 of 59
A nonapeptide
Bradykinin
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_________ causes blood vessels to dilate, low blood pressure, increased blood flow to the tissue, pain, nitric oxide and arachidonic acid release
Bradykinin
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Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are both derivatives of __________
Arachidonic acid
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Arachidonic acid is a 20 carbon unsat-fatty acid produced by membrane
Phospholipids
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Prostaglandins are made by ___________
Most cells in the body
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Leukotrienes are made by __________
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages and mast cells
36 of 59
Chemotactic factors are
Soluble molecules which attract and guide the movement of cells such as phagocytes in the inflammatory response
37 of 59
___________ secrete IL 8
Macrophages
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__________ move towards IL 8
Neutrophils
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Neutrophils move by ________
Diapedesis
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Diapedesis involves ______ activation, adhesion and transmigration
Rolling
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P and E selectin are responsible for adhesion of __________
Neutrophils
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P and E selectins bind to inward sialyl Lewis molecules on _________
Neutrophils
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LFA1 is on the neutrophil, and binds to ________ on the endothelium, which allows adhesion during diapedesis
ICAM1
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________ is where the neurtophil, once attatched, slides between the endothelial cells
Transmigration
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The acute phase response is a change in the blood that is __________ by things such as inflammation
Activated
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The cytokines TNF alpha and IL 6 are key mediators in ___________
The acute phase response
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Clearance of pathogens, tissue debris, return of homeostasis are signs of ___________
Termination
48 of 59
Neutrophils are programmed to undergo apoptosis after they have fulfilled their function and mediators __________
Have a short half life
49 of 59
If acute inflammation is ___________ then chronic inflammation is evident
Not resolved
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Persistant, chronic inflammation is associated with allergy, atherosclerosis, cancer, arthritis and __________
Autoimmune disease
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Neutrophils play the leading role in _________
Acute inflammation
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Macrophages play the leading role in __________
Chronic inflammation
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Macropages, lymphocytes and plasma cells accumulate in ____________
Chronic inflammation
54 of 59
Macrophages live _________ 'lives' than neutrophils
Longer
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Granulomatous inflammation is a subtype of
Chronic
56 of 59
Characteristics of granulomatous inflammation are an inability to digest phagocytosed material and a deficiency in immunity (frequent occurence of _________)
Lymphocytes
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Many ______ arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation
Cancers
58 of 59
The most important risk factor for __ is found in nHLA locus HLA-DRB1 gene
Rhumatoid arthritis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Inflammation is the body's _________ response to damage, such as pain, injury etc

Back

Immediate

Card 3

Front

One important inflammatory molecule is ______ which is stored inside mast cells

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Inflammation is the body's attempt to restore ________

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

A prolonged inflammatory response may be _______ to the host

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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