Digestion

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The _________ runs from the pharynx to the diaprhragm to the stomach
Esophagus
1 of 48
The innermost layer of the esophagus
Mucosa
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This is found just beneath the mucosa in the esophagus
Submucosa
3 of 48
A soft connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodules and lymphatic vessels in the esopogas
Submucosa
4 of 48
A muscle layer in the esophagus made of an inner circular layer and an outer longditudinal layer of smooth muscle cells
Muscularis externa
5 of 48
The outermost layer of the esophagus
Serosa
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Consists of a single layer of flat serous fluid producing cells, the visceral peritoneum
Serosa
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The alimentary canal wall contains two intrinsic nerve plexuses, the submucosal and myenteric nerve plexus, these are part of the ___________ and regulate secretions and mobility
Autonomic nervous system
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The cardioesophagal sphincter allows food to enter _________
The stomach
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Sympathetic impulses ______digestive activities
Inhibit
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Parasympathetic impulses ________ digestive activities
Stimulate
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The lingual frenulum attatches the __________
Tongue
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The tonsils are lymphatic tissue therefore they are _____
Part of the defense system
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Masticated is __________
Chewed
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Master of manipulation during masticating
Tongue
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The expanded part of the stomach lateral to the cardiac region
Fundus
16 of 48
The midportion of the stomach
Body
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As the stomach narrows inferriorly it becomes the
Pyloric atrium
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The funnel part of the stomach at the terminus
Pylorus
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The ____________ of the stomach is continuous with the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter
Pylorus
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A double layer of __________ extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, and another from the greater curvature to the abdominal organs
Peritoneum
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A protective layer of bicarbonate ion rich mucous is formed in the stomach, protecting it, this is made from
Simple collumnar epithelium cells
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The smooth lining of the inside of the stomach is covered in gastric pits that secrete _______
Gastric juice
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The __________ produce protein digesting enzymes mostly pepsinogens
Chief cells
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The _________ produce corrosive hydrochloric acid
Parietal cells
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The enteroendocrine cells produce ______
Gastrin
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Gastrin is responsible for __________
Digestive activities
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Most digestive activity of the stomach occurs in the ________
Phyloric region
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The chyme enters the small intestine through the _________
Phyloric sphincter
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In which alimentary-canal organ does protein digestion begin?
Stomach
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Th stomach epithelium secretes several substances, incuding alkaline mucus and intrinsic factor. What is the function of each of these two substances?
Alkaline mucus protects the stomach wall. Intrinsic factor is needed for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.
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What are the four basic tissue layers (tunics) of the alimentary canal organs from the esophagus to the large intestine in order from the lumen to the more superficial layers?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.
32 of 48
Inflammation caused by anything that breaches mucosal barrier
Gastritis
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Peptic and gastric ulcers can be caused by helicobater pyloria and some NSAIDs which are __________
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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When stomach acid regurgitates into the esophagus this is known as
Heatburn
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Heartburn can be caused by exessive eating or drinking, obesity, pregnancy, running, and ____________
Hiatus hernia
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The oesophageal hiatua is where the oesophagus ________
Pierces diahragm
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The oesophagus joins the stomach at the __________
Cardial orifice
38 of 48
How much saliva is produced per day
1500ml
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Sympathetic stimulation inhibits saliviation and results in _________ and occurs during some drug use
Dry mouth
40 of 48
Ingested food stimulates chemoreceptors and mechaneceptors in the mouth leading to
Salivation
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Intrinsic glands keep mouth moist
All the time
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Saliva is mostly water and _________
Slightly acidic
43 of 48
Amylase, lipase, mucin, metabolic waste and lysozyme, IgA etc are all in
Saliva
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The parotid and submandibular glands are mostly serous and the sublingual are mostly _________
Mucous
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The enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system is one of the main divisions of the ________________ and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal system
Autonomic nervous system
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Sympathetic impulses __________ digestive activities
Inhibit
47 of 48
Parasympathetic impulses _________ digestive activities
Stimulate
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The innermost layer of the esophagus

Back

Mucosa

Card 3

Front

This is found just beneath the mucosa in the esophagus

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A soft connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodules and lymphatic vessels in the esopogas

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

A muscle layer in the esophagus made of an inner circular layer and an outer longditudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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