Finance in the Personal Rule period

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  • Created by: 3v3lyn
  • Created on: 19-11-17 15:16
Why was Charles' Personal Rule so significant?
He resolves to lead without parliament altogether.
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Upon whom did Charles' ability to govern depend?
The Justices of the Peace.
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Who was Lord Treasurer in this period? Why was he unpopular?
Richard Weston. He came up with ways for the King to get money without parliament and he was a Catholic.
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What percentage of the King's income went to the royal household?
40% (£260,000 per annum)
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How many people did the royal household employ?
1800-2600
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Give an example of the sort of waste that occurred.
The King had 24 meat dishes twice daily.
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How much money could have been saved by reducing food expenditure?
£80,000 to £90,000
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What made it hard for the Lord Treasurer to reform waste?
The entire royal household/servants would oppose it, i.e. political expense.
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Weston dies in 1635. The Crown was solvent but dependent on what?
Methods of raising revenue that are politically unstable
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What was England's involvement in the 30 years war in 1630?
Involvement ceases with peace treaties in 1629 (Souza) and 1630 (Madrid) with France and Spain respectively.
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English sea merchants gained a near monopoly of which key trade? What was the other source?
Iberian trade-arms, food, naval supplies to Spain and Portugal. Overseas trade.
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What proportion of Crown revenue derived from customs revenue?
2/3
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Give examples of fiscal feudalism.
Wardship (£50,000/year), distraint of knighthood, changes to forest law (boundaries of Henry II), proclamation against living in London without permission, fine for eating meat during lent
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What was distraint of knighthood?
A fine for not getting knighted at the King's coronation (men with income of more than £40 a year)
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How much had distraint of knighthood made by the end of the 1630s?
£170,000 (3 parliamentary subsidies)
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How did Sir Arthur Haselrig describe being a gentleman at this time?
2 or 3 gentlemen cannot go out together without being charged with a riot
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A venetian ambassador described the means of raising revenue as "false mines", meaning what?
They were not long-term or consistent methods.
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How did Charles get round the 1624 statute of monopolies?
They could not be granted to individuals but could to companies, so he did this.
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How much did Charles raise from monopolies in comparison to the recipients?
For every £100,000 he raised, £750,000 went to the patent holders.
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Explain the "popish soap" issue
Charles granted a monopoly to a Catholic company over soap which caused significant opposition.
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What was ship money? What happened in 1635?
A tax for ships, traditionally only on coastal towns, for protection. The tax is extended to the whole country.
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How much ship money was raised initially per year?
£190,000- the rate of nonpayment was very low
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How was ship money significance in terms of political awareness?
Loads of people were affected by it so people became more politically engaged.
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Explain Hampden's case.
John Hampden was a member of the Buckinghamshire gentry and was taken to trial for refusing to pay. 5 of the 12 judges took Hampden's side, therefore the King only had a majority of 1. This is a moral victory for Hampden.
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Who had to collect ship money?
The Sherriffs
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How much did the amount of ship money collected fall in 1638?
20%
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By 1639, Charles was demanding money for what?
Militia for the Bishop's wars.
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Why did the Earl of Clarendon describe the 1630s as a period of "greatest calm"?
The monarchy was solvent, the country was at peace, the King was in good health with 5 children, religious reform had no galvanised opposition because parliament was gone.
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What increased in this period?
Emigration (particularly to America)
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In 1630 how many people emigrated to America?
11 ships with about 700 passengers.
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What was the Providence Island Company?
A company of Puritans who set themselves up in the 1630s to establish "godly commonwealths" in the Caribbean, which would make money from cotton and tobacco.
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Why did the Prerogative courts of Star Chamber and the High Commission help Charles?
The star chamber is made up of members of the Privy Council and the court of High Commission was created by Henry VIII to control the church and enforce ecclesiastical decrees.
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Why was the Star Chamber so good at raising revenue?
It was speedy and efficient with its dealings and able to impose huge fines.
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Who was Archbishop at this time?
William Laud (an arminian)
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Why did the court of High commission become unpopular?
Laud used it to enforce unpopular religious reforms.
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When was the trial of the City of London? Why did it happen?
1635. London was sued for not getting enough people to move to Londonderry, Ireland.
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Why was the London trial bad for Charles?
He had previously had a good relationship with the city whereby he could ask for loans and he influenced trade there. In the trial he had alienated the city, so that when he asked for a loan to fight the Scots in 1639, they only offered him £5,000.
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How much was the fine for London in 1635?
£70,000
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Upon whom did Charles' ability to govern depend?

Back

The Justices of the Peace.

Card 3

Front

Who was Lord Treasurer in this period? Why was he unpopular?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What percentage of the King's income went to the royal household?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How many people did the royal household employ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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