Core Areas of Psychology Developmental Term One Keywords

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  • Created by: PsycSaph
  • Created on: 21-01-19 12:22
Assimilation
apply old schema to new situation
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Accomadation
revise schema based on new information
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Avoidant attachment
have the tendency to emotionally distance themselves from their partner
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Concrete opperational
stage three 7-11/12 years logic, better understanding causality, connect and manipulate ideas mentally
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Continuous development
abilities grow in a smooth, gradual way
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Case study
in-depth analysis of individual, group or event
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Cross-sectional study
measure on one occasion only
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Cephalocaudal
from head to toe
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Cross-modal perception
the capacity to detect corresponded of different features in the world from different sensory modalities
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Categorical self
categorises child use to define self
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Discontinuous
change occurs in leaps and bounds resulting in qualitatively different stages
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Domain general
all cognitive controlled by the same mental mechanisms
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Domain specific
domains have specific mechanisms
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Disease
can cause birth defects or miscarriage e.g. rubella and zika virus
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Disorganized attachment
abnormal behaviours
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Developed secure base concept
links attachment and exploration, provides basis for secure attachment
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Ecological systems theory
five environment systems around the individual
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Epigenetics
study of potentially heritable changes in gene expression influenced by factors such as age, disease, environment, lifestyles
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Experimental
manipulate the independent variable
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Embryonic stage
three to eight weeks; develop basic foundations
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Experience-expectant
when our brain expects certain events to happen
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Experience-dependent
in response to specific learning
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Existential self
sense of being separate and distinct from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self
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Formal operational
: stage four 12 plus years abstract thought, reasoning, logic, hypothetical and future scenarios
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Foetal stage
final stages of the prenatal development up to birth
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Germinal stage
from conception to around two weeks; zygote to blastocyst
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Internalisation
development happens between people, then within them
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Internal working model
the way that we understand the world around us
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Longitudual studies
follows some individuals over time
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Legal drugs
can cause birth defects or miscarriage e.g. thalidomide and alcohol
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Maternal age
women over 35 having babies have increased chance of premature birth of chromosome illnesses
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Maternal stress
effects the babies cognitive functions
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Motor development
the emergence of the ability to execute physical actions, undergoes significant improvement during infancy
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Motor learning
the permanent change in performance as a result of practise and experience
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Mirror neurons
neurons that fire both when an individual acts and when the individual observes the same action performed by another
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Nature
innate skills and abilities development biologically determined
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Nurture
development acquired from environment and interactions
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Nutrition
mother needs supplements and healthy diet to support prenatal development
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Preoperational
stage two 18 months- 7 years ego-centric, simple object classification, better at imagination/pretend, thinking tied to doing, intuition not language, language
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Passive
either biological or environment
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Prenatal development
development in the nine months before birth
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Premature
pre-term birth
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Primitive reflexes
unlearned response triggered by specific stimuli
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Proximodistal
from centre outwards
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Perceptual development
the process by which we begin to mentally sort information, recognising objects and their different properties, detecting patterns and filling in missing information
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Plasticity
the ability of an immature brain to change in both form and function
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Schema
unit of understanding
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Sensorimotor
stage one 0-18 months learn by doing, sensory
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Social learning theory
interpret learning through observation and imitation
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Stranger anxiety
form of distress that children experience when exposed to strangers
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Seperation anxeity
anxiety provoked in small children by separation or threat of from PAF
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Secure attachment
children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose themselves knowing that their caregiver will return
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Self
the contribution of physical and psychological attributes that are unique to each individual
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Self-concept
knowledge of who you are
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Self-competence
what you can do
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Self-worth
feeling you are valued as individual
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Self-esteem
how you feel about yourself
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Self-differentiation
differentiate themselves from environment
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Theory
organised system of ideas, hypothesised to explain a part or all of a given phenomenon
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Teratogens
foreign objects that can cause harm during prenatal development
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

revise schema based on new information

Back

Accomadation

Card 3

Front

have the tendency to emotionally distance themselves from their partner

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

stage three 7-11/12 years logic, better understanding causality, connect and manipulate ideas mentally

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

abilities grow in a smooth, gradual way

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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