Dev L10 mental health

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  • Created by: freya_bc
  • Created on: 02-03-18 17:17
Nielsen et al., (2016)
correc terms end their life, died by suicide, attempted suicide
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Howlin and Asgharian, 1999
~5 years for classic autism
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Jones et al., 2014; Powell, 2002
. ~11 years or even adulthood for AS
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Crane et al. 2015
Lack of support post diagnosis for children and adults
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Shtayermman, 2007; 2008
Bullying and peer victimisation
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Pilling et al. 2012
Lack of support services
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Balfe and Tantam, 2010)
Health and social difficulties
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Howlin et al. 2013
Poor quality of life, low occupational achievement
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Howlin 2000; Baron-Cohen, 2008
Social exclusion and isolation
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(Sheppard et al. 2017
Additionally, autistic people may be less readable by non-autistic people
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Sasson et al. 2017)
less readable could contribute to social exclusion
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Milton (2012)
double empathy problem
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Heldey et al. 2018; Pelton and Cassidy, 2017
Associated with depression and self-harm
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Hull et al., (2017)
camouflaging- leads to misdiag aut in wimen, mental health issues, loss ID, exhausting but helps fit in NT
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Lever and Geurts, 2016)
79% of autistic adults meet criteria for a psychiatric condition at some point, with depression most common
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e.g. Cassidy et al. 2014; Lugnegård et al. 2011; Hofvander et al. 2009; Sterling et al. 2008
Depression present in 30 – 50% of autistic adults
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Strang et al. 2012
30% of children dep
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Gotham et al., (2014)
increased experience of psychosocial risk factors- social isolation, unemployment, loneliness, awareness of own shortcoming and struggles
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Cassidy et al. 2014, Crane et all., (2013)
dep due to inflexible thinking, memory biases
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jackson and Dritschel et al., (2016)
Self-reported autistic traits associated with current self reported depression, significantly mediated by difficulties in social problem-solving skills
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Baraclough, 1974
Over 90% of those who die by suicide were diagnosed with depression (
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HEdley and Uljarevic (2018)
Evidence suggests those with autism at significantly increased risk of suicidality
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Cassidy et al. 2014)
Autistic traits and depression risk factors for suicidality
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(Hirvikoski et al. 2015
Being female, autism without ID, and depression are risk factors
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Cassidy et al. 2014)
Mental health problems and suicidality highest in autistic women - could camo and late diag help explain this
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Hedley et al. 2017)
Lack of social support in ASD increases depression and in turn suicidal ideation
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Hedley et al. 2018)
Feelings of loneliness increases depression and thoughts of self-harm
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Pelton and Cassidy (2017)
feel burden because of care get, capable of suicide and loneliness due to non NT
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(Bird et al. 2010)
Alexythymia: difficulty verbalising internal thoughts and feelings prevalent in autism
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(Ozonoff, 1997
Reduced flexibility in thinking: Sticking on one train of thought, difficult to consider other alternatives – Executive Function
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Happe, 1995)
Literal Interpretation: of language, taking things at face value, difficulty ‘reading between the lines’
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Stewart et al. 2006)
lack of autism specific items
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Cassidy et al., (2018)
systematic review assess qual of prev studyies using research tool COSMIN - no valid tools to assess dep in autism
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(Cassidy et al. 2018)
Measurement properties of mental health assessment tools likely different in ASD compared to the general population
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Cassidy et al. 2018; Stewart et al. 2006
Need to include autism specific items which capture unique presentation of depression in autism
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Wigham et al. 2015)
Associated with intolerance of uncertainty, RRBs and sensory processing
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South, M., & Rodgers, J. (2017
These could affect the presentation of anxiety in autism, and must be taken into account in assessment
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Wigham et al., (2015)
Sensory difficulties a core feature of autism and associated with RRBs and anxiety Repetitive behaviours (RRBs) also a core feature = insistence on sameness and repetitive motor movements “What time is it?” – anecdotally, these behaviours associated
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....
intolerance of uncertainty
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Kerns et al., 2014; Zainal et al., 2014)
In autism, fear of violation of logical rules or unpredictability of social situations
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Rodgers et al., (2016)
Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) adapted for children with autism (ASC-ASD) Survey established factor structure
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Grant et al. 2008)
BPD more commonly diagnosed in females
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Bargiela et al. 2016)
Autism under diagnosed in females
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Hirvikoski et al. 2016; Cassidy et al. 2014)
High prevalence of suicidality / self injury in particularly in autistic females
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Ryden et al., (2008)
Autism diagnosis over-represented in BPD population 15% of BPD patients met criteria for co-occurring autism assessed with clinical interviews (1% in gen pop) Patients with ASD/BPD were at significantly higher risk suicide than BPD sig lower self im
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Dudas et al., (2017)
Elevated autistic traits in those with BPD – similar level to those with autism Those with comorbid BPD and autism have highest autistic traits Given similarities easy to misdiagnose
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Steinhausen, 2009)
ED’s primarily affect eating behaviour, onset in adolescence or adulthood
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Mandy et al., (2012)
autism in males more prev
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Smink et al. 2014
EDs more prev in females
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Bargiela et al. 2016)
autism under-diagnosed in females
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CDC, 2010
ID more prevalent in autism
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Lopez et al. 2010
but less prevalent in EDS
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Gillberg, 1983)
autism could increase risk ED Underlying lack of flexibility and difficulties in social functioning in some women with ED’s Indicative of undiagnosed autism
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(Huke et al. 2013)
8-37% females autism prevalence in ED samples
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ellicano and Hiller, 2013)
Result of co-morbid OCD, depression, anxiety and starvationOverlap with autism symptoms Starvation temporarily increases rigidity and obsession with food Mistaken for autism (e.g. narrow obsessive interest, sensory difficulties, social difs, rituals
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Mandy and Tchanturia (2015)
Case series using gold standard diagnostic assessments (ADOS) of 10 female patients diagnosed with ED Attempted to disentangle superficial or real autism in those with ED 5 met criteria for ASD using ADOS, dif since child, not an effect of starvation
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(Crane et al. 2015)
Mental health problems are the most common area of first concern prior to adults obtaining an autism diagnosis
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(Raja, 2014)
Many psychiatrists however are not trained in autism or developmental conditions
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Lai and Baron-Cohen, 2015
Leads to many autistic adults slipping through the net
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Anderberg et al., (2017)
High sensory sensitivity, and rigidity associated with anxiety in autism – makes it difficult to treat Autistic adults can benefit from psychological therapy to treat mental health difficulties such as anxiety, but it takes much longer
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Maskey et al., (2014)
Individualised VR environment gradually exposed 9 autistic children to specific phobias (e.g. pigeons, crowded buses) After study 8/9 children were able to tackle their phobia situation could grad increase intense
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Card 2

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Howlin and Asgharian, 1999

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~5 years for classic autism

Card 3

Front

Jones et al., 2014; Powell, 2002

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Card 4

Front

Crane et al. 2015

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Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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Shtayermman, 2007; 2008

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