BMS1032 cardio example Q's

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1. the ECG:

  • is increased as the strength of the heart beat increases
  • contains a p wave of great magnitude than the qrs complex
  • contains a r wave caused by ventricular repolarisation
  • occurs at the same rate as the arterial pulse in a healthy individual
  • is measured with a stethoscope
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2. the tricuspid valve:

  • prevents backflow of blood when standing up
  • guards the entrance to the left ventricle from the left atrium
  • is composed of vascular smooth muscle
  • is open during diastole
  • guards the entrance to the aorta from the left ventricle

3. human blood:

  • normally has a pH range of 7.0-7.1
  • volume is about 10L
  • normally has a K conc between 20-25mmol/L
  • is composed of about 40-45% cells, with the remainder plasma
  • contains nucleated RBCs

4. the baroreceptor reflex:

  • utilises chemoreceptors located in the brain
  • is an example of a negative feedback process
  • is mediated by receptors in the heart
  • increases heart rate in response to an increase of bp
  • is responsible for the regulation of heart rate

5. the sympathetic nervous system when activated:

  • releases Ach from postganglionic nerve fibres
  • decreases heart rate
  • decrease blood flow
  • increases systemic vascular resistance (causes vasocontriction)
  • decreases the strength of cardiac contraction

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