Connective Tissues

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  • Created by: Sarah
  • Created on: 03-05-17 09:44
what germ layer do CT form from?
mesoderm
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function of CT?
protection, repair, storage and transport
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what does CT range from?
blood to bone
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CT has varying proportions of what?
cells, fibres and matrix
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whats the 2 main types of fibres?
collagen and elastic
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what colour is elastic tissue?
yellow
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which fibre is branched?
elastic
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what is the function of collagen as a CT?
structure and support
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what is collagen made by?
fibroblasts
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what is the order of formation of collagen?
pro-collagen --> tropocollagen --> collagen
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what is required to make collagen?
vitamin C
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what is collagen made up of?
3 alpha helices
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what amino acids are collagen high in?
GP, glycine and proline
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how many genes in collagen?
34 genes
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what disease is associated with lack of vitamin C?
scurvy
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what disease has a vascular form+arterial rupture and is due to no synthesis of collagen?
ehler danlos syndrome
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what is type 7 collagen for?
anchoring fibrils in the skin
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what is elastic made by?
fibroblasts
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what hyrdrophobic protein does elastic contain?
elastin
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elastin bound to what makes fibres?
fibrillin
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what is the function/does elastic allow?
cross links allow stretch and recoil
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what is elastic stained by?
weigberts
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where is an example elastic is important
the epiglottis in the lungs, 4 mechanisms to protect lungs
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what colour is collagen?
white
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what fibre is thick?
collagen
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where is keratan sulphate found?
cartilage + invertebraldiscs
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is elastic branched or unbranched?
branched
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what are tendons made of? what the structure here?
collagen, dense and regular pattern
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example of collagen and elastic working together?
skin- collagne prevents too much stretch, elastic allows stretch
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what is dermis made of? features?
collagen, dense and IRregular
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what are some small fibres of collagen called?
reticular fibres
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what is type 4 collagnes?
sheets eg basement membrane
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3 locations of elastic?
pinna, skin, epiglottis
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are fibroblasts or fibrocytes inactive?
fibrocytes
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how do you know fibroblastsa are active?
they make elastic and collagen
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examples of CT cells?
Masts cells, macrophages, plasma cells, chondrocytes, osteocytes
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what are fibrocytes sometimes called?
tendinocytes
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fibroblasts are active what nucleus do they have?
round euchromatic nucleus (EU = active) +round as eu is round the world
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what do fibroblasts have lots of?
cytoplasm and RER
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what do fibroblasts make?
umbillical cord
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what do fibrocytes make?
tendon
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what do fibrocytes lack?
little cytoplasm or RER
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what nucleus do fibrocytes have?
flat heterochromatic
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which type of fat is unilocular (has one cavity)?
white fat
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what is the 2 types of adipocytes?
brown fat and white fat
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how many cavities does brown fat have?
many multilocular
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what fat is the most common?
white fat
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what do fat cells have lots of?
pinocytic vesicles and SER
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what do fat cells begin as?
spindle-shaped then mature into fat cells
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fat cells are a sleeve of what type of collagen?
type 3
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what do fat cells have receptors for?
insulin, GH, thyroid hormones and glucorticoids
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what do fat cells have a good supply of?
good blood supply and ANS nerve supply
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what cell is the matrix produced by?
fibroblasts
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what is the ECM mainly made up of?
GAGS
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where is chondroitin and dermatan sulphate found?
blood vessels, bone and cartilage BBC
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what are glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)?
repeating disaccharide units that make large unbranched polysaccharide chains
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what charge does the ECM have? why?
negative because of n-acetylgucosamine
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types of GAGS?
hyaluronic acid, chondroitin + dermatan sulphate, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate
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is the ECM hydrophillic or hydrophobic?
strongly hydrophillic(loves water)
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what makes the ECM turgid?
retains sodium and other +ve ions
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what does proteoglycans do?
form a gel only lets some substances thro (Selective diffusion), by being large molecules with hydration spaces = ECM gel
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wheres hyaluronic acid found?
synovial fluid and cartilage
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which GAG is not found in the cartilage?
heparan sulphate
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where is heparan sulphate found?
lung, BM, liver
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wheres hyaluronic acid found?
synovial fluid and cartilage
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which GAG is not found in the cartilage?
heparan sulphate
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where is heparan sulphate found?
lung, BM, liver
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

function of CT?

Back

protection, repair, storage and transport

Card 3

Front

what does CT range from?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

CT has varying proportions of what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

whats the 2 main types of fibres?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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