Theme 1 Case Studies GCSE Geography

Varaiations in standard of living and quality of life - LEDC

Name and Location: Ghana, Africa

Facts: > Ghana is an LEDC in west Africa.

>The average Ghananian earns about 30 times less than the average person in the UK.

>There is a gap in Ghana between rural and urban incomes and there is a growing north-south divide.

The SOUTH

>The south has more cities + better transport so what? The industry has grown faster there.

>More accesible to tourists so what? has benefited from the growth of tourism.

>Incomes in the more urban southern regions of the country are 2.4 times higher than the more rural north.

The NORTH 

>Unreliable patterns of rainfall unlike south so what? makes farming an unreliable source of income.

>Northern Ghana faces sever problems e.g poverty, lack of job oppurtunities (especially for women), and lack of safe drinking water.

>Shortage of teachers in the North so what? Less educated people

>Malaria, diarrhoea and malnutrition are the main causes of death in the young so what? Less educated people

CHANGING SERVICES: LEDC - PRIDE, India

Name and Location: PRIDE (Planning Rural-Urban Intergrated Development through Education) in the villages of Mahad Taluke, India

Why are people migrating?

Poverty and lack of services in the villages of Mahad Taluka force people to leave and move to the city of Mumbai, 200 km north.

What has been done to stop people from migrating?

(Education)

>Locals trained as teachers

>160 adult education centres

(Sanitation)

>200 new toilet blocks

(Health)

>Better care of pregnant women and eldery people 

(Employment oppurtunities)

>Farmers clubs set up

Overall

These improvments have encouraged people to stay in the villages and have significantly reduced the migration of people to Mumbai and other urban areas.

ACCESS TO SERVICES - BARCELONA, Spain

Name and Location: Barcelona, Spain, Europe

Facts:

>Barcelona is a large city with a population of more than 1.5 million people.

>The city grew rapidly during the 70's and 80's attracting more migrants from abroad.

>It has a multicultaral population: Mexican, Asian, especially Pakistan and China; African, especially Morocco; and other European countries.

The ethnic groups tend to be found in the inner urban districts of the city.

El Raval, in the Cuitat Vella (the old city centre)

>This is one of the cheapest areas to live.

>Many immigrants do poorly paid work

>The area has the 2nd lowest life expectancy of all areas.

>This district has narrow streets so it is not easuy for modern traffic. Most houses are 6-8 storey buildings and the areas are crowded.

> People suffering malaria, AIDS and TB are higher here.

Sarrià - Sant Gervasi (a western suburb of Barcelona)

>Has the highest standard of living

>House prices here are the highest

>There is only 1 youth centre found in this area

>36.7% of residents have higher qualifications, so they work in better paid jobs

HOUSING ACCESS - MEDC

Name and Location: Liverpool, UK

Where do different groups of people live? 

>Zone A:

CBD (Central Business District)

> City dock area: new and expensive warehouse apartments.

>Yound professionals: Can afford high living costs and want to be close to place of work and leisure facilities/entertainment.

Zone B: 

Inner City:

Everton - old factories and old 19th century terreaced housing.

>Unskilled people: need to  be close to city centre for work without having to pay a lot for transport.

>Ethnic minority families: Cheaper living costs.

Zone C

Inner Suburbs:

>Skilled families: can afford living costs and the cost of commuting to their jobs.

>Eldery people: who can afford high living costs.

Zone D

Outer suburbs:

>Childwall - an increasing number of detached properties.

>Professional families: can afford increased property prices and living costs.

JUST A NOTE**  The reason I only put four case studies for theme 1 because it is the minimum you need to remember for each theme that you can feel confident in.  Good Luck!