The collapse of the personal rule

The short parliment

called in 1640-only lasted around a mounth untill C dissolved it
They were anti-court but became clear they were going to have to call subs
Pym Saye and Sele were all talking to scots showed cared less about their enimes on their border than the king.
He realsied he didnt need parl so dissolved them
Although hed dissolved parl he allowed convocation to continue when it should have been disolved with parl- worse this concocation passed 17cannons which led to further dubts about Cs religious intentions.
The petition of twelve peers showed the growing concerned s ns the solution for them was for C to call a parliment

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Defeatyed in battle and opposed by majority of lords charles has to call another parliment this was called the long parliment and was called in 1640
Their wasnt opposition but widspear disire for change. To achiveve this they would have had to remove perogative courts and transfer the power and regain order (including throwing the archibishop into the tower) The Marxist and whig interpritation of stone state that it was an organised opposition whilst revisionsit belive it was simply a unity all politicans simply doing write the wrongs that occured during the PR
The opposition was down to long term issues origonating from the reformation in 1530s
However Ploitticans such as Warick Bedford Saye, Sele and Pym obviouslt had a relgious and politcal perspective whch was different from the kings. It was his tableing of them as opposition which was argued to have caused theese people to feel threterned-they didnt trust him
No one wanted civil war. poeple like Bedford were still convined thatr they can reform charles rule through 'bridge appointments' to stop civilk war, absolutism and arbitary rule
This reform began wehen the 'evil councillers' Wentworth and ;Laud were imprisoned- it also was the main 'oppositions' attempot ti abolish the most controversial diananciel political and religious isuues (return of elizebeths broud prot church)

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Bedford and Pym would get influential roles and C would get a subsidy which was substantial but kept him tied to parliment.
Some progress was made as Bedford and other opp were put in privy C
Part of the negotiation ijnvolved wit th 'bridge appointment' was that wentworth would not be executed-c was v kean on this not happening
W was regarded a the man who would make C absoulutist and so it was convinient of the reform of charles rule for him to be scapgoated and punished
Parliment directly attacked C in order to reform his rule. The said he was the root course of issues

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He was believed to be the cause of the disintergration of Cs parliment. He was blamed for turning C towards absolutism and it was worried that he may use the force of irish of kings army and turn them on the scots and then all opposition to charles.
He was taken to court in a attempt to reform Cs rein by the LP and he was scapgoated
He was skillful and knew all th evidence they had was that of Vane from a meeting he was present at. Some MPS were beoming fed up with the trial which was getting nowere. People like Bedford wanted it to contnue as he was attempting to reform parliment. However scotlan said that they would not stand for anything less than the end to the bishops war and the execution of Wentworth.
It was said that charles commanded offiecers to return to their post in the north and the rumors of army plort in which officers attempted to seize the tower of london and free went and although no hard evidenc MPs looked at

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Bill of Attainder-The trial of went and the speculation fo the army plot led to theIt led to the bill of attainder being passed 204 to 59-which meant-it meant parliment5 couldnt be dissolved without them knowing.
Proterstation Oath-Also to encounter the threat of absolutism MPs had to sign an oath to defend the priveledge of parliment and more importantly proterstantism as it was belived that cath and absolutism went hand in hand
In order to also pass the bill of attainder and the execution of went thye king would have to allow it. With the current tension due to the army plotands the proterstation oath-charles fearing his familiesa welfare agreed to the execution of wentworth
The London mob-This describes bothg the pop of londons pollitical involvment-a term used to describe the fear of popular revolt. It was also used to describe the prodsperous mnembers of scoieties involvment in supporting parliment. The power of teh LM is seen in the 15,000 people who signed the root and branch pet.It also supported Pyms great remonstrance and they also defended the tower in the light of the AP rumors. One of Cs negotiations in the execution was to control LM LM for Parl-the clear widspread support for P and fear of 'evil counsiller' popish conspiracy was easily manipulated by parlimentry extreamist like Pym)LM for Charles-got him more support than p and royal properganda made the most of the incidents

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The country with the obvious division between popish court and prot parl was seen also in the rest of the country. Mercants were at the core of proroyal forces in LND as cwell as the long term backers of crown and the former backers of nonabsolutism who belived it to be forced
It was however increasingly the radical aspirations of the LND pop which was becoming more pro parliment-the power of the london mob obviously made C doubt his safty
Any progress made by Bedford in the bridge appointment died with wentworth and himself.
Some historians belive londons antiroyalism was a revolt.

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