C1.1 Fundamental Ideas

Nucleus made up of subatomic particles: protons and neutrons

Surrounded by shells of electrons

Mass and Charges of subatomic particles

•         Particle   Charge  Mass

            Proton       +1        1

            Neutron      0         1

            Electron     -1         1/1836 (0)

Horizontal rows: periods               Vertical rows: groups

Metals: left of table               Nonmetals: right of table

Group 8: noble gases - very unreactive nonmetals

Group 1: alikili metals: react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen, surfaces are                       silvery and shiny after being cut then dull after reacting with oxygen in the air

Elements react to form compounds

• Metal and nonmetal -> ionic bond
  • metal loses electrons to form positive ion
  • nonmetal gains electron to form negative ion
  • opposite forces attract forming bond
• Nonmetal and nonmetal -> covalent bond
  • atoms share pairs of atoms

A word equations show the compounds that react and are formed

A symbol equation show the what happend to the atoms in a reaction

Must be same number of each atom on both sides

• conservation of mass
  • no atoms are lost of made:
  • the mass is always the same on either side of an equation
  • total mass of reactants=total mass of products