C1. 1 - Fundamental Ideas
- Created by: alishamunson
- Created on: 25-02-17 21:09
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- C1.1 - Fundamental Ideas
- 1.1
- All substances are made from atoms.
- Elements are made of only one type of atom.
- Chemical symbols are used to represent atoms.
- Compounds contain more than one element.
- 1.3
- The atoms of the unreactive noble gases (group 0) all have stable arrangements of electrons.
- Electrons in atoms are in energy levels that can be represented by shells.
- Electrons occupy the lowest energy levels first.
- Electrons in the lowest energy level are in the shell closest to the nucleus.
- All the elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
- 1.4
- Metal and non-metal = ionic.
- The formula of an ionic compound shows the simplest ratio of ions.
- Non-metal and non-metal = covalent.
- The formula of a molecule shows the number of atoms in the molecule.
- Metal and metal = metallic.
- 1.5
- Atoms get rearranged in chemical reactions.
- The mass of the products is equal to the mass of reactants.
- Symbol equations should always be balanced.
- 1.2
- The nucleus of an atom is made of protons and neutrons.
- Protons have a positive charge.
- Electrons have a negative charge.
- Neutrons have no charge.
- The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons.
- Elements are arranged in order of their atomic numbers in the periodic table.
- The mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons.
- The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.
- The number of neutrons is the mass number - atomic number.
- 1.1
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