S&P L12-13 (BIRMINGHAM BACKGROUND)
- Created by: Hadley023
- Created on: 19-03-19 11:14
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- Birmingham
- Background
- Heart of the west midlands. 1.1 million residents (2014).
- Majority of interventions in Britain in the 19th Century within 50km of the city centre.
- 25% of British exports originate in Birmingham.
- Boulton and Watt began their partnership in 1775 revolutionizing the production of more efficient steam engines.
- Development Pre-Industrial
- Mentioned in the Domesday book 1086. Poor agricultural manor.
- Metal working was established and Dudley and Wolverhamp' supplied raw materials.
- 1563 - William Camden reported the town was swarming with inhabitants.
- De Birmingham family purchased the royal charter in 1166, allowing them to hold a market - it then grew in size.
- Industrial Revolution
- Middle class began to grow in numbers for services such as law and banking.
- Clearly differentiated housing areas based on socio-economic status.
- Food industries set up to supply the growing population.
- Transport infrastructure improved with industrial growth.
- London to Birmingham railway opened in 1838.
- Matthew Boulton - key player in moving industrial base of the town forward. His "Soho Machinery" brought 700 employees under one roof.
- 1900-1950s
- Continuous population growth from immigration and from rural areas.
- Continued to grow during first half of the 20th Century, new engineering industries developed.
- 1917 - Dunlop tyre factory. Employed 10,000 by the 1950s.
- Large areas of terraced house built and squeezed into spaces between factories.
- Limited personal mobility meant people lived near work and walked in.
- Development of the middle class who could afford to commute helped the expansion.
- Transport development facilitated the urban expansion and outward growth of the built area.
- 1950s housing
- Inner city areas comprised of low quality and high density houses.
- Decades of industrial activity have left land sites, canals and rivers with high levels of pollution.
- Air pollution reached high levels with controls on emissions almost non-existent.
- Background
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