Legislation and African American Civil Rights
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 01-06-17 16:17
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- Legislation and African American Civil Rights
- Civil Rights Act
- 9 April 1866
- All persons born in USA were endowed with rights of citizens
- Everyone should have full and equal benefit of all laws and equal subjection to penalties for breaking laws
- First Reconstruction Act
- 2 March 1867
- Eleven Confederate states were divided into five military districts
- There were to be new state constitutions made by elected delegates chosen by all male citizens over age of 21 of whatever race, colour or previous status
- Fourteenth Amendment
- 9 July 1868
- Passed June 1866 but ratified two years later
- Declared that no state could deny any person full rights as American citizen
- All had entitlement to 'due process of law' to ensure 'the equal protection of the laws and to all the rights, privileges and immunities of citizens'
- Fifteenth Amendment
- 3 February 1870
- Ensured 'the rights of citizens...shall not be denied or abridged by any State on account of race'
- First Enforcement Act
- 31 May 1870
- Banned discrimination based on 'race, color, or previous condition of servitude'
- Second Enforcement Act
- 28 February 1871
- This overturned state laws which prevented AAs from voting and provided for federal supervision of elections
- Third Enforcement Act
- 20 April 1871
- Also known as the Ku Klux Klan Act
- Made it a federal offence for two or more persons to conspire to deprive citizens of their rights to equal protection of laws
- Civil Rights Act
- 1 March 1875
- All citizens were entitled to 'the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities and privileges of inns, public conveyances, theatres, or other places of public amusement'
- Twenty-Fourth Amendment
- 23 Jan 1964
- Right of citizens to vote should not be denied or abridged by failure to pay poll tax or any other tax
- Ended regulation in Southern states that only those who paid poll tax could vote, which previously excluded many AAs
- Civil Rights Act (Public Accommodations and Employment)
- 2 July 1964
- Federal courts would hear cases involving discrimination in voting, public facilities and public education
- Prevented local juries deciding on cases of discrimination
- The Supreme Court upheld accommodation aspect of Civil Rights Act
- Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States
- A Southern motel unsuccessfully challenges legality of being forced to accept AA guest
- 14 December 1964
- Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States
- The Supreme Court overturned Mississippi law discriminating against AA voter registration
- 8 March 1965
- United States v. Mississippi
- Decision was backed by Johnson and federal action taken
- Civil Rights Act (Voting Rights)
- 6 August 1965
- Act passed into law Fifteenth Amendment
- Executive Order 11246
- 24 September 1965
- Called for affirmative action to end under-representation of racial minorities in workplace
- Discrimination was barred in federal employment
- Immigration Act
- Ended immigration quotas based on national origin, race, religion or colour
- 3 October 1965
- Act in 1972
- Extended equal employment legislation to all federal, state and local governments
- Civil Rights Act of 1991 (Employment)
- Put burden on businesses to show any discrimination in employment did not spring from racial discrimination but was based on genuine requirements of company
- Civil Rights Act
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