5. African Americans and the New Deal

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  • Created by: Alasdair
  • Created on: 07-06-17 20:24
Background for African Americans and the New Deal
Great Depression had particularly affected rural South and its associated industries. AAs benefited from general measures of FDR's ND and some specific reforms aimed at ending racial discrimination.
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AA Robert Weaver became Special Adviser on Economic Status of the ***** in 1934 and later head of influential Public Works Administration
African American gains
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Weaver's appointment led to grants of $45m to build schools, hospitals and homes for AAs. Unusually, there was provision made for certain number of AA workers in federal projects for house building.
African American gains
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AAs benefited from poor relief and job creation projects administered by Federal Emergency Relief Administration (1933-35), followed in 1936 by World Progress Administration.
African American gains
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Over 1/4 of 1million AAs were given literacy help via federal aid projects.
African American gains
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Employment training was provided by National Youth Administration, which was advised by influential African American reformer, Mary McLeod Bethune.
African American gains
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Farm Security Administrators gave help to Southern AAs who were hit particularly hard by drop in food and raw material prices after 1929.
African American gains
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Roosevelt spoke out against lynchings, though no law was passed against them. There also also some appointments of AAs to New Deal offices
African American gains
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Defenders of ND's contribution to better race relations point to more of change in atmosphere towards civil rights than very dramatic civil rights legislation.
African American gains
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Eleanor Roosevelt supported African American organisations and openly disapproved of segregation.
African American gains
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NAACP membership grew in late 1930s
African American gains
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Many poor sharecroppers could not pay rents. Little was done for 200,000 who were evicted.
African American limitations
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When federal programmes reduced crop production and paid farmers for not producing crops to maintain prices with reduced supply, there was often no money paid directly to poorer AA tenants
African American limitations
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AAs suffered disproportionately from unemployment
African American limitations
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Attempts to improve working conditions excluded groups where AA labour was most common - agricultural and domestic service.
African American limitations
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National Recovery Administration (NRA) attempted to establish fair rates of pay and better conditions but did not encourage similar requirements in industrial North. Its regulations were evaded by many employers in South
African American limitations
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Strengthening of unions by Wagner Act tended to ensure big employers used unionised labour - which acted against interests of AAs who were often merely causal workers and were not members of unions in large numbers
African American limitations
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Social Security Act provisions did not apply to bulk of work done by AAs
African American limitations
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Segregation remained prevalent in most institutions and in armed forces throughout WW2
African American limitations
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Provision of work by Civilian Conservation Corps to help unemployed did offer some relief to AAs but labour camps were segregated and type of work offered was not same. AA workers received worst and most poorly paid work. Where AAs and WAs were emplo
African American limitations
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In Civilian Conservation Corps, where AAs and WAs were employed in federal projects like Tennessee Valley Dam, they were segregated to avoid racial tensions.
African American limitations
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Roosevelt did not increase AA voting rights
African American limitations
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African American gains

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AA Robert Weaver became Special Adviser on Economic Status of the ***** in 1934 and later head of influential Public Works Administration

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African American gains

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