Edexcel AS History Unit 1 E3 Italy: 1896 to 1912.
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- Created on: 19-02-16 11:34
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- History AS-Section 1-1896 to 1912
- Italy as a great power.
- Northern Italy literate and industrial whereas Southern Italy was largely illiterate and agricultural.
- Income only £8 a year in Italy compared to £31 a head in England, therefore didn't look like a great power in comparison.
- 60% of the population worked in agriculture in Italy compared to just 10% in England; making Italy look less developed.
- A lot emigration away from Italy to America, already 1.5 million immigrants in America in 1891.
- Transformismo was rife in politics.
- In the South over 80% of the pop was illiterate.
- 1882 franchise extended to all men over 21 who were literate, by 1895 56% of men in the North could vote but only 26% could vote in the South.
- Political agreements were made such as the Mediterranean Agreements in the 1890s under Crispi which helped Italy being seen as a great power.
- Defeat at Adowa in 1896 was humiliating and exposed Italy's weaknesses to the world
- Giolitti's reforms.
- Government spending increased by 50% from 1900 to 1907.
- Brought in child protection laws in 1902 and women's working day was limited to 11 hours.
- In 1907 a compulsory rest day each week was introduced.
- Founded the Bank of Italy in 1893.
- From 1906 to 1910 there was an average of 1500 strikes a year.
- Real wages increased by 2.5% every year from 1901 to 1911.
- In 1912 Giolitti extended the right to vote to all men over 21 regardless of literacy, the electorate rose from 3 million to 8.5 million.
- War with Libya in 1911/1912 took longer than expected and was extremely violent.
- Rising Socialism.
- In 1895 the PSI were founded.
- Achieved a quarter of the votes in the 1913 elections, however never had more than 50,000 members.
- There were three socialist parties by 1913.
- Italy as a great power.
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