central control of the circulation

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  • Created by: Aimee
  • Created on: 19-02-13 17:49
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  • Central control of the circultaion
    • Effectors
      • the blood vessels
        • Vasodilation
        • Vasoconstriction
        • the main effector vessels and maintain peripheral resistance
        • resistance vessels are the smaller arteries and arterioles
        • smooth muscle in walls
        • Vessels are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system
        • parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for blood supply to abdominal viscera and the pelvis
        • Local mechanisms
          • myogenic response (pressure inside the muscular artery stimulates smooth muscle to contract)
          • metabolic factors (oxygen supply)
          • local blood flow aided by potassium mediators, oxygen, adenosine
          • Endothelium on the intima releases 'endothelin dilating factor'
      • Heart
        • heart rate
      • Kidney
        • fluid balance/salt and water retention
    • Pathways
      • central neural pathways
        • medulla in the hind brain is the key centre for controlling circulation
        • 'dorsal lateral region' in the medulla is a pressor region
          • stimulation of the pressor region leads to vasoconstriction
          • this region is tonically active with rhythmic activity/changes in respiration (Traube-Herring waves)
        • Independent rhythm - Meyer waves
        • another part of medulla: caudal and ventromedial/depressor region
          • opposite effect of pressor region if stimulated
          • Untitled
      • peripheral neural pathways
      • vascular refluxes
      • humoral factors
  • Effectors
    • the blood vessels
      • Vasodilation
      • Vasoconstriction
      • the main effector vessels and maintain peripheral resistance
      • resistance vessels are the smaller arteries and arterioles
      • smooth muscle in walls
      • Vessels are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system
      • parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for blood supply to abdominal viscera and the pelvis
      • Local mechanisms
        • myogenic response (pressure inside the muscular artery stimulates smooth muscle to contract)
        • metabolic factors (oxygen supply)
        • local blood flow aided by potassium mediators, oxygen, adenosine
        • Endothelium on the intima releases 'endothelin dilating factor'
    • Heart
      • heart rate
    • Kidney
      • fluid balance/salt and water retention

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