GCSE food and nutrition- carbohydrates.
- Created by: hettie.gosss
- Created on: 30-04-18 11:09
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- Carbohydrates
- Sugar
- e.g Glucose and Fructose can be found naturally or can be added to food during the manufacturing process.
- added sugars are often referred to as empty calories- they have no nutritional benefits.
- Starch
- Can be found in foods such as bread, pasta, rice and cereals. (as well as vegetables and fruit).
- Starchy foods contain lots of nutrients including B Vitamins, Iron and Calcium.
- When we eat carbohydrates our bodies break down the sugar and starch into glucose which is absorbed and used for energy.
- simple carbohydrates such as sugar can be divided into monosaccharides and disaccharides.
- Mono saturates are the most basic sugar molecules.
- Disacchirades are made up of two monosaccharides
- the body rapidly digests simple carbohydrates which makes blood sugar levels rise quickly providing a short burst of energy.
- Polysacchraides are made up of lots of monosaccharides joined together.
- complex carbohydrates take a lot longer to digest than simple ones, so they gradually increase blood sugar levels and provide a slow steady release of energy.
- The Glycaemic Index shows how carbs affect blood sugar levels.
- High GI: foods are quickly digested quickly and cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels. e.g. bread pasta rice.
- Low GI: foods are digested slowly and cause a gradual rise in blood sugar levels. e.g. wholemeal bread/pasta brown rice
- The glycaemic index is especially useful for diabetics as they can chose low GI carbohydrates that would cause a surge in there blood sugar levels.
- Sugar
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