Unit 2 : Humans - Their origins and their adaptions

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Q Y P A C Q A F W S K N W D A Q Y K D R T
W S E L E C T I V E B R E E D I N G X S T
N H U N T E R G A T H E R E R S T Q W G C
H O M O N E A N D E R T H A L E N S I S N
Y S M A L I G N A N T T U M O U R S E B B
H B K W T L K P F T C C E F Q D J H G M W
W J S Q E J P I P A P A U K C M C S F A K
H H U M A N S A D A P T A T I O N S P Q P
A U U V R A E Q D C V K Y M J R H H C B U
Q G Y E S Y D O B B L R M T P L W S R C E
P L K P X Q F A F A Q O T D C Y J C P Q Y
A E R O B I C R E S P I R A T I O N F V E
V A U S T R A L O P I T H E C U S X K P M
A N A E R O B I C R E S P I R A T I O N Y
O B E H A V I O U R A L E V I D E N C E N
Q Q F T A D M H Q Y Q Q T A X F D O V J X
D G N A T U R A L S E L E C T I O N H N D
Y O U T I M P P G P A I E B O B Q M K U W
T N T D F G T M K G W M K J Q W G G X I A
T N L I V E O Q H T W F N F J X Y X Q S O
H T T G I B Y F K G Y K X I D I S G Q I L

Clues

  • 300,000-25,000 years ago. Similar height to Homo sapiens, robust bone structure and a larger brain. (4, 16)
  • 4-2 million years ago. Long arms, short legs, brain roughly 35% the size of modern human brain. (16)
  • At rest. Uses O2 and produces CO2. Releases more energy from each glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration (7, 11)
  • Behaviour (11, 8)
  • Cancers. Grow rapidly, and invade+destroy surrounding tissues. Cells can break off the tumours and spread to other parts of the body. (9, 7)
  • Cereal=rice, wheat + barley-high germination rates, high yields, resistance to disease+frost. Dogs=size, appearance, temperament-hunting dog, pet, herding dog. Cattle=pull carts + ploughs, and provide meat, dairy and leather. (9, 8)
  • Collect wild plants and hunt wild animals. Characteristics of this way of life show they were limited to do this by the size and structure of groups, range about a home base, division of labour and group cooperation. (6, 9)
  • During exercise. Doesn't need O2. Produces lactate, which builds up in blood. It lowers blood pH, which causes pain known as muscle fatigue. Less efficient at releasing energy so doesn't make as much ATP. (9, 11)
  • Increase the probability of: survival in their environment, successful reproduction and successful reproduction by their offspring. (6, 11)
  • Individuals within a population may show a wide range of variation. Predation, disease + competition result in differential survival + reproduction. The organisms with a selective advantage more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles. (7, 9)

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