Atmosphere - releasing CO2 Hydrosphere - using too much water in some areas, Biosphere - deforestation (chopping down the trees) -> animals extinct
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What are the layers of the earth?
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
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What is the lithosphere?
The lithosphere is solid and split into tectonic plates, these move very slowly 2-5cm/yr on top of a layer called the asthenosphere - which is like porridge!
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What are the two types of CRUST?
CONTINENTAL = 30-50km thick, dry land, low density OCEANIC = under water, 6-8km thick, very dense
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How do we know that the inside of the earth is hot?
Meteorites give us a clue as to what the core is like, Lava from volcanoes, hot springs, geysers
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What is geothermal heat?
Heat inside the earth is produced by radioactive decay of uranium in the core and mantle
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What are convection currents?
As heat rises from the core it creates convection currents in the liquid outer core and mantle. These convection currents move the tectonic plates on top of them
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What are PLUMES?
Where heat travels to the surface e.g hotspots like Hawaii
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What is the Magnetosphere?
The earth is surrounded by an invisible magnetic feild = made by the outer core = protects the earth from harmful radiation from space/the sun
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What is the Pangea?
The continents were all once joined = Pangea. How do we know this? Identical fossils/rocks found in western Africa/Eastern South America for example Lithosphere, today - split up into 15 tectonic plates. Where 2 plates meet together = plate boundary
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What is the Constructive plate boundary?
Two oceanic plates are moving apart, new oceanic crust forms constantly in gap created, the magma injected between plates cools to form this new crust, magma runny. Shallow sided volcanoes form
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What hazards does the Conservative plate boundary hold?
Small earthquakes are formed by friction as the plates tear apart, Volcanoes that are not very explosive/dangerous E.g Iceland - The Mid Atlantic Ridge
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What is the Destructive plate boundary?
Where a oceanic plate meets a continental plate. They move towards each other. The denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath the less dense continental plate
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What hazards does the Destructive plate boundary hold?
Very destructive earthquakes, tsunami, very explosive, destructive volcanoes which cool to be steep sided Examples: Mt St Helens, NW USA
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What is the Conservative plate boundary?
Formed where two plates are sliding past each other
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What hazards does the Conservative plate boundary pose?
Destructive earthquakes, small earth tremors daily, no volcanoes Example: San Andreas Fault, California
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What is the Collision Zone?
A type of destructive boundary where two continental plates move towards each other. As they meet they push upwards forming mountain ranges e.g Himalayas
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What hazards does the Collision Zone plate boundary pose?
Destructive earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes are rare
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What is the VEI?
Volcanic Exoplosivity Index - Measures the destructive power of a volcano on a scale from 1 - 8
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Name 6 Volcanic Hazards?
Pyroclastic flows - deadly couds of hot ash and gas, Landslides, Lahars - volcanic mudslides, Lava flows, Ash builds up on the roofs of houses -> buildings collapse, Acid rain is created
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How are we damaging each of the spheres?
Back
Atmosphere - releasing CO2 Hydrosphere - using too much water in some areas, Biosphere - deforestation (chopping down the trees) -> animals extinct
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