The failure to reach a settlement
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Larrynz
- Created on: 23-04-22 04:30
Who were the four postwar groups?
Presbyterian majority in parliament, independents who represented the religious sects, the army, the Scots.
1 of 40
How did Charles see his postwar position?
Saw the divisions between the four groups and thought that he was in a good position to play them off against each other.
2 of 40
What were the terms of the Newcastle propositions?
Presented by parliament July 1646: king to dismiss evil advisors, parliament to control the army, Presbyterian state church set up.
3 of 40
How did Charles react to the Newcastle propositions?
Deliberately procrastinated, one year later they were no nearer a settlement, so the army offered him their terms.
4 of 40
What happened July 1647?
Army kidnapped Charles and took him to their headquarters at Newmarket.
5 of 40
What were the five terms of the heads of proposals?
August 1647- parliament to meet at least once every two years, parliament to control the army, no strict adherence to the prayer book, act of indemnity, bishops to have no authority in civil matters.
6 of 40
What happened after the heads of proposals?
Charles escaped from army custody and fled to the isle of white where he opened negotiations with the Scots.
7 of 40
What were the terms of the engagement?
December 1647- scots would help restore Charles in return for a Presbyterian state church.
8 of 40
What happened at the Windsor prayer meeting?
May 1648- parliament met to discuss what to do with the king, they concluded he was a man of blood who needed to be punished for going to war on his own people.
9 of 40
What were Charles’ forces like during the second civil war?
Scots and royalists failed to coordinate their plans effectively and were easily defeated.
10 of 40
What happened during the second civil war?
Cromwell and Fairfax quickly responded, royalists were defeated in wales and east anglia and were crushed by Cromwell’s forces at Preston in august 1648.
11 of 40
Why had parliament wanted to disband the army?
Were fearful of the political and physical threat it posed, so proposed it be disbanded.
12 of 40
What did parliament do when the army refused to disband in 1647?
Tried to raise their own forces from supporters in London and excluded independent MPs from parliament.
13 of 40
How did the army react?
Marched to London in august 1647 and reinstated the dismissed MPs.
14 of 40
What was the background to the agreement of the people?
Agitators were influenced by leveler ideas, so put forward their radical demands in this document in October 1647.
15 of 40
What were the four terms of the agreement of the people?
Dissolve the present parliament, freedom of worship, equality under the law, recognition that estate and position of birth did not give special privileges.
16 of 40
When were the putney debates?
October 1647- ireton’s grandees against rainsborough’s agitators.
17 of 40
What was the position of the agitators?
Rights were natural and universal and war had been fought to challenge the old social structure.
18 of 40
What was the position of the grandees?
War had been fought to preserve social order, not overthrow it.
19 of 40
What happened to the putney debates?
Differences could be contained whilst the king and second civil war existed as threats.
20 of 40
Why was Charles’ trial public?
MPs and the army wanted to cloak their actions in legal form, many did not want to try or execute the king in the first place.
21 of 40
What happened 6th December 1648?
Colonel pride and his regiment turned up to parliament and turned away all members who had voted to continue negotiations with the king, this became known as pride’s purge and the remaining MPs were known as the rump.
22 of 40
What was the biggest issue with the trial?
Court claimed to represent the will of the people, but very few people actually wanted to put the king on trial.
23 of 40
How did Charles act during the trial?
Dignified, he refused to enter a plea or recognize the authority of the court, regardless of how well he conducted himself- the outcome had already been decided.
24 of 40
What was the importance of Charles’ death?
January 1649- used it to paint himself as a martyr of the people. In dying with dignity he paved the way for a future restoration of the monarchy.
25 of 40
What was the role of Cromwell in the trial?
Had not spoken if it until December 1648, originally opposed it, but the king starting the second civil war convinced him that Charles was a man of blood and god was against monarchy.
26 of 40
How did most people react to the execution?
Were shocked by the regicide, this was not a good base upon which to build the new Republic.
27 of 40
What did the rump do after the execution?
March- abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords, the fact they took so long to do so shows just how conservative they were.
28 of 40
What did the challenge to the established order do?
Led to the growth of radical movements such as john lilburne’s levelers.
29 of 40
Why did the levelers develop?
A conviction amongst merchants that war had created an economic recession that threatened their livelihoods.
30 of 40
What was the humble petition?
September 1648- levers laid down everything they thought parliament had failed to do.
31 of 40
What did the humble petition say?
Parliament had failed to reform and extent the franchise, free those imprisoned for debt, become answerable to the people, make all things common and reform the law.
32 of 40
For whom did the levelers want the vote?
The middling sort, smaller property owners, craftsmen and shopkeepers.
33 of 40
Why was lilburne arrested in early 1649?
Had accused Cromwell of high treason in a pamphlet, was imprisoned in the Tower of London.
34 of 40
What happened in march 1649?
Army units mutinied owing to lilburne’s arrest.
35 of 40
How did Cromwell react to the mutinies?
Crushed them with speed and severity.
36 of 40
Why did Cromwell react to the mutinies as he did?
Wanted to show the traditional ruling classes that the commonwealth would not tolerate social disruption.
37 of 40
What happened to the mutineers?
Crushed by Cromwell at burford in oxfordshire in may 1649, three of their ringleaders were shot. This marked the end of the leveler threat.
38 of 40
Give three reasons why the levelers failed
1. Gained no support in parliament or with the officers as their ideas threatened social order. 2. In an army of 40,000 only 800 joined the revolt. 3. Movement was too new to have become established in society.
39 of 40
Why else did the levelers fail?
Had no effective power base, good times had returned, making radicalism less attractive, army rank and file had not been fully radicalized.
40 of 40
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How did Charles see his postwar position?
Back
Saw the divisions between the four groups and thought that he was in a good position to play them off against each other.
Card 3
Front
What were the terms of the Newcastle propositions?
Back
Card 4
Front
How did Charles react to the Newcastle propositions?
Back
Card 5
Front
What happened July 1647?
Back
Similar History resources:
0.0 / 5
4.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
3.5 / 5 based on 4 ratings
Comments
No comments have yet been made