RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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Partial pressure
Inspiration
lungs - capillaries
high pp - low pp
- o2 moves from lungs into blood stream
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Partial pressure
Expiration
capillaries - lungs
high pp - low pp
- Co2 moves from the blood stream into the lungs
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Minute ventilation
- the volume of air inspired or expired in one minute

VE=TV X F

Measured in: L/min
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Respiration rate
- number of breaths taken in one minute

Approximately: 12 to 15 breaths at rest

Measured in: Breaths per minute
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Why do trained athletes reach a higher minute ventilation than an untrained individual?
- increased tidal volume
- increases strength of respiratory muscles/diaphragm/intercostals
- increased breathing frequency or increased respiratory rate
- increased lung volume/capacity or more alveoli
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Tidal volume
- the volume of air inspired or expired per breath

Approximately: 500ml during breathing at rest

Measured in: ml
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Long term effects on RS
- capillarisation: increase in number of the capillaries around the alveoli
- hypertrophy of the respiratory muscles: the diaphragm and intercostal muscles grow stronger and contract with greater force
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Short term effects on RS
- increase in respiratory rate/frequency
- increase in minute ventilation
- increase in tidal volume
- contraction of more respiratory muscles
- additional muscles
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Additional muscles during exercise
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalene
- pectoralis major
- rectus abdominus
- internal intercostal muscles
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Gaseous exchange
1. you breathe in o2. it enters the lungs and passes into the alveoli
2. the o2 passes through the alveoli walls, and into the capillaries.
3. blood transports the oxygen to the body via the heart.
4. blood carries co2 and other waste from the body cells
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Mechanics of breathing
Inspiration
thorax/ribs - up and out
diaphragm - contracts
intercostal muscles - externals contract
volume of thoracic cavity - increases
pressure of air within lungs - decreases
air rushes from the nose cavity through to the lungs
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Mechanics of breathing
Expiration
thorax/ribs - down and in
diaphragm - relaxes
intercostal muscles - externals relax
volume of thoracic cavity - decreases
pressure within lungs - increases
air rushes from the lungs into the atmosphere.
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Nasal cavity
- entrance of air
- lots of little hairs
- filter out any dust
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Pharynx
- throat
- small tube leads towards the torso
- food passes and air passes
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Epiglottis
- flap behind the back of tongue
- air is breathed into lungs
- food stops going into lungs
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Larynx
- voice box
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Trachea
- passageway goes into the lungs
- held open by rings of cartilage
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Intercostal muscles
- found between thorax
- help form and move chest wall, breathing in/out
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Alveoli
- tiny air sacs
- gaseous exchange occurs here
- air sacs fill up and the lungs expand
- covered in capillaries
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Diaphragm
- sheet of muscle below the lungs
- breathing in - contracts
breathing out - relaxes
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Bronchioles
- bronchi branch into smaller tubes within the lungs
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Bronchi
- trachea plots into two bronchi, one into each lung
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Partial pressure

Back

Expiration
capillaries - lungs
high pp - low pp
- Co2 moves from the blood stream into the lungs

Card 3

Front

Minute ventilation

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Respiration rate

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why do trained athletes reach a higher minute ventilation than an untrained individual?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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