A level sports studies key terms

?
3D surfaces
third-generation artificial synthetic pitches
1 of 214
acceleration
measured in m/s2 and is the rate of change of velocity
2 of 214
achievement motivation
the tendency to approach or avoid competitive situations. summed up as the drive to succeed minus the fear of failure
3 of 214
active stretch
when a stretched position is held by the contraction of an agonist muscle
4 of 214
actual behaviour
what the leader decides to do in relation to leadership style
5 of 214
acute injury
a sudden injury caused by a specific impact or traumatic event where a sharp pain is felt immediately
6 of 214
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
the only usable form of energy in the body
7 of 214
altitude training
usually done at 2500m+ above sea level where the partial pressure of oxygen is lower
8 of 214
amateurism
participation in sport for the love of it with no financial gain, it is based on the concept of athleticism e.e. physical endeavour with moral integrity
9 of 214
anaerobic
a reaction that can occur without the presence of oxygen
10 of 214
angle of attack
the tilt of a projectile relative to the air flow
11 of 214
angular acceleration
the rate of change of angular velocity
12 of 214
angular displacement
the smallest change in angle between the start and the finish of a rotation
13 of 214
angular momentum
spin
14 of 214
angular velocity
the rate of change of angular displacement
15 of 214
anticipation
pre-judging stimulus
16 of 214
association
linking the stored actions of a skill to a stored emotion or other action
17 of 214
athleticism
a fanatical devotion to sport involving high levels of physical endeavour and moral integrity
18 of 214
attributing success internally
giving a reason for success that is due to the responsibility of the player
19 of 214
attribution retraining
changing the reasons given for success or failure
20 of 214
attribution
a perception of the reason for an outcome of an event
21 of 214
autocratic approach
leader makes the decisions
22 of 214
bay area laboratory cooperative (BALO)
which was behind one of the biggest scandals in drugs history as the sources of THG, with several athletes implicated and subsequently banned from sport, including sprinters Dwain Chambers and Marion Jones
23 of 214
ballistic stretching
uses of swinging and bouncing movements
24 of 214
bernoulli principle
where air molecules exert less pressure the faster they travel and more pressure when they travel slower
25 of 214
bosman ruling
a ruling by the European court of justice which gave a professional football player the right to free transfer at the end of their contract
26 of 214
buffering
a process which aids the removal of lactate and maintains acidity levels in the blood and muscle
27 of 214
calorimetry
the calculation of heat in physical changes and chemical reactions and the measurement of heat and energy eliminated or stored in any system
28 of 214
central executive
the control centre of the working memory model, it uses 3 other systems to control all the information moving in and out the memory system
29 of 214
characteristics
key features used to identify a particular concept
30 of 214
chronic injuries
often referred to as over-use injuries
31 of 214
chunking
breaking the skilled action into part or sub-routines
32 of 214
citing
players can be cited for dangerous play, whether they are seen by the referee or not
33 of 214
cognitive effects of stress
these are psychological
34 of 214
commercialisation
the treating of sport as a commodity, involving the buying and selling of assets, with the market as the driving force behind sport
35 of 214
competitive orientation
the degree to which a performer is drawn to challenging situations
36 of 214
compression clothing
items such as elasticated leggings, socks or shirts worn to promote recovery by improving circulation. they can decrease pain suffered from muscle soreness and decrease time for repair
37 of 214
confidence
a belief in the ability to master a task
38 of 214
continuum
a scale representing gradual change
39 of 214
cori cycle
the process where lactic acid is transported in the blood to the liver where it is converted to blood glucose and glycogen
40 of 214
coupled reaction
when energy required by one process is supplied by another process
41 of 214
cryotherapy
the use of cold temperatures to treat an injury
42 of 214
cue utilisation
the ability to process information is directly linked to the level of arousal
43 of 214
cycle ergometer
a stationary bike that measures how much work is being performed
44 of 214
damages
individuals seeking legal redress and compensation for loss of earnings must prove they have suffered an actual injury as the result of the deliberate harmful, reckless actions of an opponent
45 of 214
data integrity
maintaining and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of stored data over its entire lifetime
46 of 214
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
a blood clot in one of the deep veins in the body
47 of 214
democratic
decisions made by group consideration
48 of 214
direct gas analysis
measures the concentration of oxygen that is inspired and the concentration of carbon dioxide that is expired
49 of 214
displacement
measured in meters and is the shortest route in a straight line between the starting and finishing position
50 of 214
display
the sporting environment
51 of 214
distance
measured in meters and is the path a body takes as it moves from the starting to finishing position
52 of 214
doping
in competitive sports, doping refers to the use of banned performance enhancing drugs by athletic competitors
53 of 214
drag force
a force that acts in opposition to motion
54 of 214
duty of care applied to coaches
this requires coaches to take such measures as are reasonable in the circumstances to ensure that individuals will be safe to participate in an activity
55 of 214
duty of care
a legal obligation imposed on someone they are responsible for a group of people
56 of 214
electrocardiogram machine (ECG)
where electrodes are placed onto the players chest and the wires connect to an ECG machine and a print out is produced of the hearts electrical activity
57 of 214
effector mechanism
the network of nerves that sends coded impulses to the muscles
58 of 214
electron transport chain
involves a series of chemical reactions in the cristae of the mitochondria where hydrogen is oxidised to water and 34 ATP are produced
59 of 214
electostimulation
the production of muscle contraction using electrical impulses
60 of 214
elite
the best, highest level sports performers at excellence level
61 of 214
emergent leader
appointed from within the group
62 of 214
emotional arousal
a perception of the effects of anxiety on performance
63 of 214
energy continuum
a term which describes the type of respiration used by physical activities. whether it is aerobic or anaerobic depends on intensity and duration of exercise
64 of 214
episode buffer
coordinates the sight, hearing and movement information from the working memory into sequences to be sent to the long term memory
65 of 214
post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
the amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have been consumed at rest during the same time
66 of 214
erythropoietin (EPO)
a hormone which is naturally produced by the kidneys but can also be artificially produced to increase performance in endurance
67 of 214
eustress
a positive response of the body to a threat
68 of 214
external attribute
outside the performers control
69 of 214
fascia
a layer of fibrous connective tissue which surrounds the muscle or group of muscles
70 of 214
football hooliganism
unruly, violent and destructive behaviour by over-zealous supporters of association football clubs
71 of 214
'g' forces
forces acting on the body as a result of acceleration or gravity
72 of 214
game golf
a lightweight GPS tracking device which captures accurate shot locations and calculates club performance during a round of golf
73 of 214
gamesmanship
bending of the rules and stretching them to their absolute limit without getting caught; using whatever dubious methods possible to achieved desired result
74 of 214
glycolysis
a process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate to produce energy
75 of 214
global positioning system (GPS)
a space based navigation system that provides location and time information
76 of 214
hick's law
reaction time increases as the number of choices increases
77 of 214
high socio-economic demographic
a sport played or watched by individuals with high levels of disposable income
78 of 214
hooliganism
acts of vandalism and violence in public places committed especially by youths
79 of 214
horizontal component
the horizontal motion of an object
80 of 214
horizontal displacement
the shortest distance from the starting point to the finishing point in a line parallel to the ground
81 of 214
impulse
impulse = force x time
82 of 214
in the place of a parent
it is the authority parents assign to another responsible adult who will be taking care of their child
83 of 214
indirect calorimetry
measures the production of CO2 and/or the consumption of O2 it also measures the amount of heat and energy generated in an oxidation reaction
84 of 214
information processing
the methods by which data from the environment are collected and utilised
85 of 214
initial conditions
information from the environment
86 of 214
input stage
information picked up by the senses
87 of 214
interaction
the combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation
88 of 214
internal attribute
within the performers control
89 of 214
kinesthesis
the inner sense that gives information about body position and muscular tension
90 of 214
krebs cycle
a series of cyclical chemical reactions that take place using oxygen in the matrix of the mitochondria
91 of 214
lactate threshold
the point during exercise at which lactic acid quickly accumulates in the blood
92 of 214
lateral epicondylitis
the medical term for tennis elbow
93 of 214
leader
someone who has influence in helping others to achieve their goals
94 of 214
learned helplessness
using internal stable reasons for losing
95 of 214
leisure
free time during which individuals can choose what to do
96 of 214
lift force
causes the body to move perpendicular to the direction of travel
97 of 214
long-term memory
receives information from the working memory and has an unlimited capacity for the storage of motor programmes
98 of 214
mass
the quantity of matter the body possesses
99 of 214
media
an organised mean of communication by which large numbers of people can be reached quickly
100 of 214
mental practice
going over the action in the mind without physical movement
101 of 214
mentor
an individual who helps and guides another persons development
102 of 214
merchandising
the practice in which the brand or image from one product is uses to sell another
103 of 214
metabolic cart
a device which works by attaching headgear to a subject while the person breathes a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time
104 of 214
movement time
the time taken to complete the task
105 of 214
NACH
the need to achieve; approach behaviour the player welcomes competition
106 of 214
NAF
the need to avoid failure; avoidance behaviour the player avoids risk
107 of 214
national governing body
an organisation which has responsibility for managing its own particular sport
108 of 214
negative deviance
behaviour that goes against the norms and has a detrimental effect on individuals and society in general
109 of 214
negligence
conduct that falls below a reasonable person standard and leads to a breach of the duty of care, which results in foreseeable harm to another
110 of 214
net impulse
a combination of positive and negative impulses
111 of 214
non-rem sleep
means there is no rapid eye movement it consists of three stages of sleep which get progressively deeper
112 of 214
objective data
fact based information which is measurable and usable
113 of 214
objective sporting situation
the performance takes into account the situation in which the task is being undertaken
114 of 214
onset blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)
the point when lactate levels go above 4 millimoles per litre
115 of 214
oedema
a build-up of fluid which causes swelling
116 of 214
OFCOM
the communications regulator in the UK
117 of 214
outdoor education
activities which take place in the natural environment and utilise nature/geographical resources such as mountains, rivers, lakes
118 of 214
oxygen consumption
the amount of oxygen we use to produce ATP
119 of 214
parabola
a curve with matching left and right hand sides
120 of 214
participation level
an emphasis on taking part recreationally with enjoyment as a key motivator to participate
121 of 214
passive stretch
uses an external force to help the stretched position
122 of 214
perceived risk
a challenge that stimulates a sense of danger and adventure for beginners or inexperienced performers in a safe environment, with danger minimised via stringent safety measures
123 of 214
perception
the process of coding and interpreting sensory information
124 of 214
performance accomplishments
what you have already achieved
125 of 214
performance analysis
the provision of objective feedback to performers trying to get a positive change in performance
126 of 214
performance pathway team
a combination of EIS and UK sport expertise used to identify and develop world class talent
127 of 214
personal qualities
the attributes and personality characteristics of an individual person
128 of 214
person-orientated leadership
concerned with the interpersonal relationships
129 of 214
phonological loop
deals with auditory information from the senses and helps produce the memory trace
130 of 214
phosphocreatine
an energy rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm of the muscles
131 of 214
plyometrics
involves repeated rapid stretching and contacting of muscles to increase muscle power
132 of 214
positive deviance
behaviour which is outside the norms of society but with no intent to harm or break the rules, it involves over-adherence to the norms or expectations of society
133 of 214
preferred behaviour
what the group wants
134 of 214
prescribed leader
appointed from outside the group
135 of 214
proprioceptors
the senses that provide internal information form within the body
136 of 214
psychological refractory period
a delay when a second stimulus is presented before the first has been processed
137 of 214
qualitative data
data that is descriptive and looks at the way people think or feel
138 of 214
quantitive data
data that can be written down or measured precisely and numerically
139 of 214
radian
the unit of measurement for angles
140 of 214
reaction force
this occurs when 2 bodies are in contact with one another
141 of 214
reaction time
the time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the onset of a response
142 of 214
recall schema
initiates movement, comes before the action
143 of 214
receptor system
the senses that pick up information from the display
144 of 214
recognition schema
controls movement, happens during the action
145 of 214
reliability
refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent and stable over time
146 of 214
required behaviour
what the situation demands
147 of 214
research
a systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the aim of advancing knowledge
148 of 214
respiratory exchange ratio
the ration of carbon dioxide produced compared to oxygen consumed
149 of 214
response outcome
feedback about the response
150 of 214
response specifications
information about what to do
151 of 214
response time
the time taken from the onset of a stimulus to the completion of the task. response time = reaction time + movement time
152 of 214
resting energy expenditure
the amount of energy usually expresses in kcal, required for a 24 hour period by the body during rest
153 of 214
restraint of trade
action interferes with free competition in a market. in sport this might involve a clause in a contract which restricts a persons right to carry out their profession
154 of 214
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
155 of 214
ring-fenced
a number of sporting events at national and international level must be available for viewing
156 of 214
sarcoplasm
the fluid that surrounds the nucleus of a muscle fibre and is the site where anaerobic respiration takes place
157 of 214
scalar quantities
quantities that just have size
158 of 214
school games
initiative to increase participation in school from intra/inter-school level through to county and national levels
159 of 214
school sport partnership
the creation of increased opportunities for school sport via primary schools working together with secondary schools and further education providers
160 of 214
selective attention
filtering relevant information from irrelevant information
161 of 214
self-efficacy
a belief in the ability to master a specific sporting situation
162 of 214
self-serving bias
using external and/or unstable reasons for losing
163 of 214
sensory consequences
information about the feel of the movement
164 of 214
sexism
discrimination on the basis of sex/gender
165 of 214
simulation
trying to deceive an official by over acting
166 of 214
smart wearable fitness and sports device
device that is worn or attached to a performers body while in use to provide instant feedback on aspects of performance such as distance covered, heart rate
167 of 214
socio-economic status
an individuals position in the social structure, which depends on their job, level of income and area they live in
168 of 214
soft tissue
includes tendons, ligaments, muscles, nerves and blood vessels
169 of 214
software and hardware
computer software is any set of machine-readable instructions which direct a computers processor to perform specific operations. computer hardware is the physical component of computers
170 of 214
somatic effects of stress
these are physiological
171 of 214
spatial anticipation
where and what is going to happen
172 of 214
speed
a measurement in meters/second of the body movement per unit of time with no reference to direction
173 of 214
sponsorship
provision of funds, money and/or support for a commercial return
174 of 214
sporting development continuum
participation in various forms of physical activity at various stages of development
175 of 214
sports analytics
studying data studying data from sports performances to try improve performance
176 of 214
sports equity
fairness in sport; equality of access for all; recognising inequalities in sport and taking steps to address them
177 of 214
sports law
the laws, regulations and judicial decisions that govern sports and athletes who perform in them
178 of 214
sportsmanship
confronting to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport
179 of 214
stable attribute
unlikely to change in the short-term
180 of 214
state confidence
a belief in the ability to master a specific sporting situation
181 of 214
static stretching
when the muscle is held in a stationary position for ten seconds or more
182 of 214
stimulants
drugs that induce a temporary improvement in mental and physical function
183 of 214
stimuli
the important and relevant items of information from the display
184 of 214
streamlining
involves shaping a body so it can move as effectively and quickly through a fluid as possible
185 of 214
stress
a negative response of the body to a threat causing anxiety
186 of 214
subjective data
based on personal opinion which is less measurable and often less usable
187 of 214
sub-maximal oxygen deficit
where there is not enough oxygen available at the start of exercise to provide all the energy aereobicaly
188 of 214
talent identification
the multi-disciplinary screening of athletes in order to identify those with the potential for wold class success
189 of 214
task leadership
concerned with getting results
190 of 214
television match official
rugby league use a television match official who is a referee who can review plays by looking at TV footage as and when asked to by the on-field referee
191 of 214
temporal anticipation
when is it going to happenn
192 of 214
tetrahydrogestrinone
a banned steroid used to increase power which was tweaked by chemists to make it undetectable in normal tests
193 of 214
torque
the rotational consequence of a force
194 of 214
trait confidence
a belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports
195 of 214
translatory mechanism
adapting and comparing coded information to memory so that decisions can be made
196 of 214
unstable attribute
can change in a short amount of time
197 of 214
validity
an indication of whether the data collected actually measures what it claims to measure
198 of 214
varied practice
changing the type and content of the practice session
199 of 214
vector quantities
quantities tha have size and direction
200 of 214
velocity
measured in meteres/second and is the rate of change of dispalcement
201 of 214
verbal persuasion
encouragement from others
202 of 214
vertical component
the upward motion of an object
203 of 214
vibration technology
vibration training/therapy is also known as whole body vibration
204 of 214
vicarious experience
seeing others do the task
205 of 214
video motion analysis
a technique used to get information about moving objects from video
206 of 214
violence in sport
physical acts committed to harm others
207 of 214
visuospatial sketchpad
used to temporarily store visual and spaitial information
208 of 214
VO2 max
the maximum volume of oxygen that can be taken up by the muscles per minute
209 of 214
world anti-doping agency
a foundation created in 1999 through a colective initiative led by 10C to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs
210 of 214
weight
the gravitaional force exerted on an object weight = mass x accerlation
211 of 214
whereabouts system
a system designed to suport out of competition testing which requires athletes to supply details of their whereabouts so that they can be located at any time
212 of 214
whole sport plan
a business plan submitted to sport england outlinging national govering body strategies to increase participation and enhance talent
213 of 214
working memory
performs a number of functions
214 of 214

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

measured in m/s2 and is the rate of change of velocity

Back

acceleration

Card 3

Front

the tendency to approach or avoid competitive situations. summed up as the drive to succeed minus the fear of failure

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

when a stretched position is held by the contraction of an agonist muscle

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

what the leader decides to do in relation to leadership style

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Sports Science resources:

See all Sports Science resources »See all ALL resources »