rate of reaction = amount of reactant used or product formed / time
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General formula for alkanes is
the number of hydrogen atoms is double the amount of carbon atoms + 2
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Photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water ---> glucose + oxygen
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Aerobic Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water
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Anaerobic Respiration (animals)
Glucose ---> lactic acid
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Anaerobic Respiration (plants and yeast)
Glucose ---> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
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Homeostasis - Body temp too high
- blood vessels widen to direct more blood to the surface of the skin (vasodilation)
- more sweat is produced from the sweat glands
- a transfer of energy from the skin to the environment
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Homeostasis - Body temp too low
- blood vessels narrow, directing blood away from the surface (vasoconstriction)
- sweating stops
- skeletal muscles contract and relax quickly which transfers more heat to the blood
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Wave Speed
wave speed = frequency x wavelength
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Charge Flow
charge flow = current x time
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Potential difference
potential difference = current x resistance
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Power
power = potential difference x current
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Power
power = energy transferred / time
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Power
power = work done / time
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Efficiency
efficiency = useful energy transfer / total energy transfer
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Efficiency
efficiency = useful power output / total power input
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Energy transferred
energy transferred = power x time
energy transferred = charge flow x potential difference
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Plum Pudding Model
- J.J. Thompson
- 1897
- a ball of positive charge with electrons embedded in it
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Rutherford and Marsden
-1905
- the alpha particle scattering experiment
- thought to have passed straight through
- most particles did but not all
- some were deflected
- repelled by the same charge
- the repelling charge must have been much heavier than the alpha particl
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Conclusion of the experiment
the mass of the atom was concentrated in a central nucleus
the electrons surround this nucleus
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Niels Bohr
suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
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James Chadwick
1932
provided evidence of neutrons
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
General formula for alkanes is
Back
the number of hydrogen atoms is double the amount of carbon atoms + 2
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