Where two or more atoms swap electrons. They do this to get a full outer shell. The atom will then have a positive or a negative charge, depending if it has gained or lossed an electron.
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Titration
How we work out the volume of an alkaline solution is needed to neutralise an acidic solution. This is shown by using an indicator called phenolphthainlein, which will turn acids clear and neutral solutions pink.
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Ball & Stick Model
A molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimentional and bonds between them.
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Covalent Bonding
Where two or more atoms share electrons. This is where they are chemically formed and is unreversable. They productants will then become one.
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Relative Formular Mass
The total mass of all the relative atomic masses of the elements in a chemical experiment.
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Calculating Concentration
Convert the moles into grams then divide that by the volume.
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Converting Moles to Grams
Determine how many moles there are. Calculate the molar mass. Then multuply the answers.
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Finding the Mass of a Product
Balance the equation. Then convert into moles. You then have to calculate the Mr for the products and add them together.
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Percentage Atom Economy
Percentage Mass Economy = (Mass of atoms in desired product ÷ mass of atoms in reactants) x 100
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Ion
An atom or molecule wih an electric charge. Can only be positive, negative or neutral.
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